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An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, zone, entity, unit, region, subdivision, province, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or of a that has a degree of ——under the national government. Autonomous areas are distinct from other constituent units of a (e.g. a state, or province) in that they possess unique powers for their given circumstances. Typically, it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the state or populated by a national minority, which may exercise . Decentralization of self-governing powers and functions to such divisions is a way for a to try to increase democratic participation or administrative efficiency or to defuse internal conflicts. States that include autonomous areas may be , , or . Autonomous areas can be divided into autonomies, subregional territorial autonomies, and local autonomies.

List of major autonomous areas
+ !width="160px"Division !width="200px"State !Notes
Controlled by:
Claimed by:		Azad Kashmir is a self-governing polity which has not been formally annexed by . It was established after a rebellion against the Maharajah of Kashmir, and the subsequent First Kashmir War. It is located within the historic region, which is between , and .
Three of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, namely , and , each have an elected, legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The Parliament of the United Kingdom which retains sovereignty (the United Kingdom is a ), can dissolve the devolved legislatures at any time, and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (by constitutional convention, without the agreement of the devolved legislature). Formerly, both Scotland and England were fully sovereign states.
The two autonomous territories*
  • (, , ) of the realm of the Kingdom, the and , each have an elected devolved legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The retains sovereignty (The Kingdom of Denmark is a ) and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (this does not normally occur without the agreement of the devolved legislature).
The Tobago House of Assembly is a devolved legislature that is responsible for the island of . Tobago Division Of Tourism - About Tobago, Governance
Autonomous Province of Kosovo and MetohijaControlled by:
Claimed by:		In 2008, unilaterally declared itself as an independent state. Its international recognition is split between those who recognize it as an independent state and those who view it as an autonomous province of under administration.
Although Portugal is a unitary state, its two autonomous regions have elected, legislatures (Regional Legislative Assemblies of the Azores and Madeira) and local government (Governments of the Azores and Madeira) which have the ability to legislate in devolved matters.
The special administrative regions have the highest degree of autonomy from the central government in Beijing. Autonomous regions contain a large minority ethnic group.
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Suwayda Supreme legal committee
Nakhchivan
Autonomous Republic of AbkhaziaClaimed by:
Controlled by:		In 1999, the declared its independence from Georgia after the 1992–1993 war. Georgia and most of the U.N. member states have not recognized Abkhazia's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Republic; its independence is recognized by Russia and three other U.N. member states.
Republic of Crimea / Autonomous Republic of CrimeaDe jure:
Controlled by:		The 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia is not recognized by most countries, including Ukraine.
Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the DniesterClaimed by:
Controlled by:		In 1990, the (PMR, commonly known as Transnistria) declared its independence from the . While Moldova has not formally recognized Transnistria's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Territorial Unit, its independence is recognized by 3 other non-UN member states.
In 2007, the Chamber of Deputies of Chile passed a law designating both as "special territories", granting them more . Additionally, the Juan Fernandez Islands archipelago is a commune, while Easter Island is both a commune and a province.
(1976)
(2005) Semi-autonomous federal region of Iraq; the constitution of Iraq gives a degree of autonomy to administrative divisions, such as regions and provinces, in matters that are not within the exclusive remit of the federal government of Iraq. Regional law may take priority (in case of dispute) if the law falls within the remit of "shared authorities" and does not contradict with the provisions of the constitution of Iraq. The Federal Supreme Court of Iraq has the authority to repeal and amend regional law.
(1967)
Autonomous Region of Príncipe (1995)
Although it does not fit the definition of autonomous area (not possessing partial internal sovereignty), Svalbard has the sovereignty of Norway limited by the and therefore is considered as having special status (as it is considered fully integrated with Norway, and not a dependency, it is a case).
Heligoland, Germany: Although it is part of a German state, Schleswig-Holstein, it has been excluded of some European Union normatives, such as customs union and the Value Added Tax Area.
Büsingen am HochrheinDespite being integral parts of their respective countries, these two enclaves of Switzerland predominantly use the as currency and are in customs union with Switzerland.
Campione d'Italia
Trentino-Alto Adige/SüdtirolSouth Tyrol has a considerable level of self-government, consisting of a large range of exclusive legislative and executive powers and a fiscal regime that allows it to retain 90% of revenue, while remaining a net contributor to the national budget.
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Zapatista Territories a de facto autonomous region controlled or partially controlled by support bases in the state of since the Zapatista uprising in 1994 and during the wider .
Controlled by:
Claimed by:		Sovereignty disputed by Ukraine as
Controlled by:
Claimed by:		Sovereignty disputed by Ukraine as

Other territories considered autonomous
Dutch constituent countries
, Curaçao, and are autonomous countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, each with their own parliament. In addition they enjoy autonomy in taxation matters as well as having their own currencies.

French overseas collectivities, New Caledonia, and Corsica
Alsace (2021) single territorial collectivity
(2018)single territorial collectivity
overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity
overseas region and department
overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity
overseas region and department
Réunionoverseas region and department
overseas collectivity
overseas collectivity
Saint-Martinoverseas collectivity
overseas collectivity
overseas collectivity
sui generis collectivity

The French Constitution recognises three autonomous jurisdictions. , a region of France, enjoys a greater degree of autonomy on matters such as tax and education compared to mainland regions. , a sui generis collectivity, and , an overseas collectivity, are highly autonomous territories with their own government, legislature, currency, and constitution. They do not, however, have legislative powers for policy areas relating to law and order, defense, border control or university education. Other smaller overseas collectivities have a lesser degree of autonomy through local legislatures. The five overseas regions, , , , , and Réunion, are generally governed the same as mainland regions; however, they enjoy some additional powers, including certain legislative powers for devolved areas.

New Zealand overseas territories
The Cook Islands is a self-governing country in with New Zealand that maintains some international relationships in its own name.
Niue is a self-governing country in with New Zealand that maintains some international relationships in its own name.
Tokelau is an autonomous dependency of New Zealand.
maintains nominal sovereignty over three Pacific Island nations, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. The —despite having the designation of Territory—is an integral part of the country, situated within the New Zealand archipelago; its council is not autonomous and has broadly the same powers as other local councils, although notably it can also charge levies on goods entering or leaving the islands.

United States unincorporated territories
All five are organized as unincorporated U.S. territories. Like U.S. states, they are subject to the of the U.S. federal government. Each territory has a local government headed by a governor and with powers within the territorial geographic boundaries.

Ethnic autonomous territories
Areas designated for indigenous peoples
Nisga'a Created by the Nisga'a Final Agreement in 2000. The Nisga'a Territory runs semi-autonomously from the rest of Canada. Located in Northwestern , within kilometres of the .
Haida Nation
Toquaht
Ucluelet
Tsawwassen
Tla'amin Nation
Huu-ay-aht
Kyuquot/Cheklesahht
Uchucklesaht
Sac and Fox Nation
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
Colorado River Indian Tribes
Emberá-Wounaan
Kuna de Madugandí
Kuna de Wargandí
Ngöbe-Buglé
Naso Tjër Di Comarca

Other areas that are autonomous in nature but not in name are areas designated for indigenous peoples, such as those of the Americas:

  • Aboriginal (First Nation or Native American or Indian) and Indian reservation, in, respectively, and the .
  • the five comarcas indígenas ("indigenous regions") of .

Ethiopian special woredas
In , "special woredas" are a subgroup of (districts) that are organized around the traditional homelands of specific ethnic minorities, and are outside the usual hierarchy of a kilil, or region. These woredas have many similarities to autonomous areas in other countries.

Proposed autonomous administrative divisions
Formal proposals
The following autonomous regions have been proposed but not implemented following unsuccessful referendums or other political reasons:

The following autonomous regions were initially rejected in a referendum but were subsequently approved in a subsequent referendum:

The following autonomous regions have been proposed as part of peace agreements:

  • Kosovo within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1999)
  • Western Sahara Authority within (2003)
  • Sahara Autonomous Region within (2007)

Campaigns

Historical autonomous administrative divisions
  • Kunság within the Kingdom of Hungary (1279–1876)
  • Grand Duchy of Finland within the (1809–1917)
  • Autonomous Region of Catalonia within the Spanish Republic (1932–1939)
  • Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939)
  • Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in the (1989–2019)
  • Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus in Albania (1914)
  • Southern Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1921–1922)
  • ASSRs of the Soviet Union (1922–1990)
  • Carpathian Ruthenia and Slovakia within Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)
  • Croatia within Yugoslavia (1938–1939)
  • Eritrea within the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962)
  • in South West Africa (1968–1990) and (1956–1994)
  • Magyar Autonomous Region of Socialist Republic of Romania (1952–1968)
  • Singapore within (1963–1965)
  • Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (1972–1983) and Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011) within

See also
  • Regional autonomy
  • List of autonomous areas by country
    • Autonomous administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
    • Autonomous administrative divisions of India
    • Autonomous administrative divisions of Russia
    • Autonomous administrative divisions of Spain
  • List of autonomous regions leaders
  • Region (administrative)
  • Imperial immediacy
  • Dependent territory
  • Countries of the United Kingdom

Notes
Works cited

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