In architecture, pavilion has several meanings;
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It may be a subsidiary building that is either positioned separately or as an attachment to a main building. Often it is associated with pleasure.
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As part of a large palace, pavilions may be symmetrically placed building blocks that flank (appear to join) a main building block or the outer ends of wings extending from both sides of a central building block, the corps de logis. Such configurations provide an emphatic visual termination to the composition of a large building, akin to .
The word is from French language pavillon (Old French paveillon) and it meant a small palace,
The word is from the early 13c., paviloun, "large, stately tent raised on posts and used as a movable habitation," from Old French paveillon "large tent; butterfly" (12c.), from Latin papilionem (nominative papilio) "butterfly, moth," in Medieval Latin "tent" (see papillon); the type of tent was so called on its resemblance to wings. Meaning "open building in a park, etc., used for shelter or entertainment" is attested from 1680s. Sense of "small or moderate-sized building, isolated from but dependent on a larger or principal building" (as in a hospital) is by 1858.
Free-standing structures
Pavilions may be small garden outbuildings, similar to a
summer house or a
kiosk; small rooms on the roof of a large house, reached only via the roof (rather than by internal stairs) may also be called pavilions. These were particularly popular up to the 18th century and can be equated to the Italian , formerly rendered in English "casino". These often resembled small
Roman temple and
folly. Especially if there is some space for food preparation, they may be called a
banqueting house. A pavilion built to take advantage of a view may be referred to as a
gazebo.
in a park are a class of pavilion. A by a
swimming pool may have sufficient character and charm to be called a pavilion. By contrast, a free-standing pavilion can also be a far larger building such as the
Royal Pavilion at
Brighton, which is in fact a large Indian-style palace; however, like its smaller namesakes, the common factor is that it was built for pleasure and relaxation.
A pavilion is usually a building adjacent to a sports ground used for changing clothes and often partaking of refreshments. Often it has a verandah to provide protection from the sun for spectators. In Cricket field, as at Lord's, a cricket pavilion tends to be used for the building the players emerge from and return to, even when this is actually a large building including a grandstand. A pavilion in stadium, especially baseball parks, is a typically single-decked covered seating area (as opposed to the more expensive seating area of the main grandstand and the less expensive seating area of the uncovered bleachers).
Classical architecture
Externally, pavilions may be emphasised by any combination of a change in height, profile (a flat facade may end in round pavilions, or flat ones that project out), colour, material, and ornament. Internally they may be part of a rectangular block, or only connected to the main block by a thin section of building. The two 18th-century English country houses of
Houghton Hall and
Holkham Hall illustrate these different approaches in turn.
In the Place des Vosges (1605–1612), Paris, twin pavilions mark the
centers of the north and south sides of the square. They are named the Pavillon du Roi (“king’s pavilion”) and the Pavillon de la Reine (“queen’s pavilion”), though no royal personage ever lived in the square. With their triple archways, they function like gatehouses that give access to the privileged space of the square. French gatehouses had been built in the form of such pavilions in the preceding century.
Other uses
In some areas, a pavilion is a
Jagdschloss. The italic=no in
Luberon,
France, is a typical 18th-century aristocratic hunting pavilion. The pavilion, located on the site of an old Roman villa, includes a garden à la française, which was used by the guests for receptions.
Gallery
File:Istanbul Bosphorus Küçüksu Palace IMG 7764 1920.jpg|Küçüksu Pavilion in Istanbul, Turkey
File:Houghton Hall 20080720-2.jpg|The frontage of Houghton Hall ends in a pavilion on each side
File:Plan de Holkham Hall.JPG|Plan of the main part of Holkham Hall, where, unlike Houghton, only a thin section connects the pavilions to the main block
File:Wien - Schloss Belvedere, oberes (1).JPG|Pavilions at each end of the facade of the Upper Belvedere, Vienna
File:Naulakha Pavilion in Lahore Fort.jpg|The white marbled Naulakha Pavilion at the Lahore Fort, Pakistan
File:Studley Banqueting House - geograph.org.uk - 1525700.jpg|A banqueting house at Studley Royal Park
File:Woodfarm Pavillion.JPG|Woodfarm Pavilion, Glasgow. An example of a more common pavilion in an urban area.
File:München Hofgartentempel.jpg|The Dianatempel (1613–1617), the Hofgarten, Bavaria
File:SaabgheraniehPalace.jpg|Ahmad Shahi Pavilion, the Niavaran Palace Complex, Tehran (19th century)
File:LeytonCricketGround.JPG|The wooden cricket pavilion at Leyton Cricket Ground in London (1886)
File:Emir Adb or-Rahman's garden house, Kabul. Wellcome L0025012.jpg|Abdur Rahman Khan's garden house inside the royal Arg Palace, Kabul (19th century)
File:Ranghar - Assam.jpg|Rang Ghar, a sports-pavilion from Assam, India, built during Ahom kingdom (mid 18th century).
File:Michael Dwyer-Edgewater Poolhouse.jpg |A at Edgewater in Barrytown, New York, United States (1998)
File:Zürich - Bürkliplatz IMG 0525 ShiftN.jpg|A bandstand (Musikpavillon) at Bürkliplatz in Zürich, Switzerland (1908)
File:Heinolan Harjupaviljonki.jpg|Rigde pavilion in Heinola, Finland
File:Zürich - Chinagarten - Inselpavillion IMG 0190.JPG|Island pavilion in the Chinese Garden, Zürich (1993)
File:Picnic shelter Yarramundi Reach Canberra.JPG|Picnic shelter, Yarramundi Reach, Canberra
File:19-15-073-indian-springs.jpg|A stone pavilion, Indian Springs State Park, Georgia
File:Schloss Burgk Sophienhaus.jpg|The Sophienlust Pavilion at Schloss Burgk in the Thuringian Highlands
File:Hue Pagoda (12050885255).jpg|Pavilion in Huế, Vietnam
See also
External links
