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A salient, panhandle, or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state.
While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.
In American English, the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma, or the northernmost portion of Idaho Panhandle. Another term is bootheel, used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas.
The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, which serve to separate culturally unified peoples. These occurred, for instance, during European colonialisation when colonial powers competed for Africa and the Western Hemisphere, after which post-colonial borders became based on colonial divisions. In many cases these salients correspond to routes of expansion or bases for such expansion, as in Namibia and Mozambique. Other modern salients originally served to provide barriers against other colonial powers, as with Britain against Tsarist Russia in Central Asia.
Salients may also arise when a national government shifts territory between subnational entities for internal political reasons, as with West Virginia's eastern panhandle during the Civil War. This also occurred with peripheral Tibetans-inhabited regions in Maoist China, which were split between provinces and from the Tibet Autonomous Region.
The location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties, strategic needs, history or topography. Even in these situations, however, salients frequently fail to follow clear and logical criteria, as seen with the partition of India and the resultant Northeast India. Upon partition numerous majority-Muslim areas remained within Hindu India, and some non-Muslim-majority areas within the exclave of East Pakistan.
| Kongo Central |
| Somali Region |
| Azawad |
| Wadi Halfa Salient |
| Rangpur Division | |
| Sylhet Division | |
| Puta-O District | |
| Maungdaw District | |
| Mong Yawng Township | |
| Sikkim | |
| Galilee panhandle | |
| Hatay Province | |
| Tashkent Region | |
| Fergana Region and | |
| Namangan Region | |
| Tashkent City | |
| Jizzakh Region | |
| Sirdaryo Region | |
| Surxondaryo Region | |
| Tây Ninh Province |
| Ilok |
| Šluknov Hook |
| County Monaghan |
| Limburg |
| Kłodzko County |
| Tourém in north of Montalegre (Vila Real District) |
| Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso (Bragança District) |
| Moura and eastern Barrancos (Beja District) and Mourão (Évora District) |
| Prekmurje |
| Canton of Schaffhausen |
| Bernina District, Inn, Lugano District, Mendrisio and Porrentruy Districts |
| Enontekiö |
| Southeast Guainía Department |
| Yavaraté, Vaupés Department |
| New England |
| South Texas |
| Tatshenshini-Alsek Park, British Columbia |
| Madawaska County, New Brunswick |
| Labrador West, Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Southwestern Saïda Province |
| Kouritenga Province, Centre-Est Region |
| Northern Muyinga Province |
| Northeast Mamou Prefecture, Mamou Region |
| Boumdeid Department, Assaba Region |
| Babati District, Hanang District, , Manyara Region |
| Sud Cinti, Chuquisaca Department |
| Alto Parnaíba, Balsas, and Tasso Fragoso, southernmost Maranhão |
| Northern Mato Grosso |
| Ponta do Abunã in northwest Rondônia |
| Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais |
| San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region |
| Unguía and Acandí in northernmost Chocó Department |
| Santander Department northern tip |
| Santa Rosa and Piamonte in southeastern Cauca Department |
| Western Cumandá Canton |
| Eastern Tena Canton, Napo Province |
| Balzar Canton and El Empalme Cantons, Guayas Province |
| Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality, Barinas |
| Arismendi Municipality, Barinas |
| Guajira Municipality, Zulia |
| Northwestern British Columbia | |
| Middle Côte-Nord, Quebec | |
| Southern Samaná Province | |
| Eastern Tabasco | |
| Western Tamaulipas | |
| Southeastern Zacatecas | |
| Southern Zacatecas | |
| Southern Chimán District, Panamá Province | |
| Mariato District, Veraguas Province | |
| Southeast Alaska | |
| Connecticut | |
| Florida | |
| Idaho Panhandle | |
| Western Maryland | |
| Nebraska | |
| Oklahoma | |
| Texas Panhandle | |
| Eastern West Virginia | |
| Missouri Bootheel | |
| Northern West Virginia | |
| New Mexico Bootheel | |
| Trans-Pecos | |
| The Thumb |
| Nawa District, Ghazni Province | |
| Chishti Sharif District, Herat Province | |
| Maqu County, Gansu | |
| Fan County and Taiqian County, Henan | |
| Pingliang and Qingyang, Gansu | |
| Daxing'anling Prefecture, Heilongjiang | |
| Zhaotong, Yunnan | |
| Pathankot district, Punjab | |
| Kota division, Rajasthan | |
| Southern Jhansi division, Uttar Pradesh | |
| Wonogiri Regency, Central Java | |
| Pacitan Regency, East Java | |
| Mahakam Ulu Regency, East Kalimantan | |
| South Jakarta, Jakarta Special Capital Region, and Depok, West Java | |
| Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan | |
| East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi | |
| Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra | |
| Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra | |
| Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province | |
| Southern Yazd Province | |
| Nose, Osaka | |
| Ōra District, Gunma | |
| (Wakasa Province), Fukui | |
| Russeifa Department, Zarqa Governorate | |
| Chong-Alay District, Osh Region | |
| Northeast of Kuantan District, Eastern Pahang | |
| South of Kemaman District, Terengganu | |
| Gangaw Township, Magway Region | |
| Thabeikkyin District, Mandalay Region | |
| Western Surkhet District, Mid-Western Region | |
| Northernmost portion of barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal | |
| Northwestern Cagayan | |
| Libis/Reparo, Santa Quiteria and Talipapa of southern Caloocan | |
| Carmona, Cavite | |
| Northeastern Ilocos Sur (roughly corresponding to its 1st district), | |
| Barangays Casile and Pittland, Cabuyao, Laguna | |
| Santa Maria, Laguna | |
| Las Piñas (Almanza Dos) | |
| Eastern Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines (municipalities east of Sultan sa Barongis) | |
| Carranglan, Nueva Ecija | |
| Alfonso Castañeda, southern Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya | |
| Eastern Sultan Kudarat (roughly corresponding to its 1st district, excluding Isulan) | |
| Zakamensky, Tunkinsky and Okinsky District, Buryatia | |
| Katangsky District, Irkutsk Oblast | |
| Kirensky, Mamsko-Chuysky and Bodaybinsky Districts, Irkutsk Oblast | |
| Bikinsky District, Khabarovsk Krai | |
| Kim Sơn District, Ninh Bình Province | Vietnam |
| Nghi Xuân District, Hà Tĩnh Province | |
| Parikkala, South Karelia | |
| Pudasjärvi-Taivalkoski-Kuusamo, North Ostrobothnia | |
| Ruokolahti, South Karelia | |
| Varkaus, Pohjois-Savo | |
| Drôme (Montfroc) | |
| Hauts-de-Seine | |
| Meurthe-et-Moselle | |
| Manche | |
| Amt Neuhaus, District of Lüneburg, Lower Saxony | |
| Osnabrück District and City, Lower Saxony | |
| Altenburger Land, Thuringia | |
| Northern Pest County | |
| Tullyhaw, County Cavan | |
| Dieveniškės, Vilnius County | |
| Steenwijkerland, Overijssel | |
| Mozdoksky District, North Ossetia–Alania | |
| Priyutnensky, Yashaltinsky, and Gorodovikovsky Districts, Kalmykia | |
| Western Chelyabinsk Oblast | |
| Oparinsky, Podosinovsky, and Luzsky District, Kirov Oblast | |
| Vorkuta District, Komi Republic | |
| Aranjuez, Madrid (Spain) | |
| A Mezquita, Galicia | |
| Monthey District, Valais | |
| Ceiriog Valley, Wrexham County Borough, Wales | |
| English Maelor, Wrexham County Borough, Wales | |
| Western New Forest District, Hampshire | |
| Newmarket, Suffolk | |
| North Cornwall, Cornwall | |
| Stamford, Lincolnshire | |
| South Staffordshire, Staffordshire | |
| The area around Tring, Hertfordshire, which is itself bounded on one side by a salient of Buckinghamshire in the area around Pitstone, Ivinghoe and Dagnall | |
| Ljubovija, Mačva District | |
| Petrovo, Republika Srpska | |
| Ravno, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton |
| Northeastern Nadroga-Navosa Province, Western Division | |
| Hunter River Valley, Otago region | |
| Rangitata River, Timaru District | |
| Waitaki River, Waitaki District | |
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