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Pan-Latinism is an ideology that promotes the unification of the Romance peoples. Pan-Latinism first rose to prominence in France particularly from the influence of Michel Chevalier (1806–1879) who contrasted Latin Americans with the "Anglo-Saxon" peoples there. (2026). 9781444338843, Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781444338843 Nineteenth-Century French writer Stendhal spoke of "Latinism" as an imperial idea that the Latins should rule over their non-Latin neighbours. (2026). 9781315007113, Routledge. ISBN 9781315007113 It was later adopted by Napoleon III, who declared support for the cultural unity of Latin peoples and presented France as the modern leader of the Latin peoples to justify French intervention in Mexican politics that led to the creation of the pro-French Second Mexican Empire. Sociologist writes that the medieval Italians poet Dante toyed with the idea of Europe domination by Latins in his treatise De Monarchia, which celebrated Roman Empire.
In the aftermath of France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the creation of a state of Germany, the French political theorist Gabriel Hanotaux rejected claims that the era of imperial dominance of the Latin peoples, particularly the French, was over and that the new era was one of imperial dominance of the Anglosphere, Germanic peoples and Slavs peoples. Hanotaux claimed that the Latin peoples had an imperial role to play in colonization of Africa, and that they should have imperial holdings including Africa and South America. The Anglo-Saxon peoples' imperial holdings should be North America, the Germanic peoples should have Central Europe, and the Slavic peoples should have Siberia. (2026). 9780313323416, Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313323416
A democratic and confederal form of pan-Latinism arose through the influence of Occitan French figure Frédéric Mistral, who advocated regional autonomy for Occitania in France. He also advocated pan-Latinism after he had contacted Catalans who supported autonomy of Catalonia alongside Latin unity. Mistral influenced Jean Charles-Brun, whose Le régionalisme, in turn, impressed Mistral. Charles-Brun advocated an international Latinism and the creation of a democratic confédération latine ("Latin Confederation") but rejected proposals of a "Latin Empire".
In 1927, The New York Times published an article on pan-Latinism which states, "activities of the United States Government in Central America, as exemplified by the landing of marines in Nicaragua and by the proposed Panama and Nicaragua protectorate treaties, have given strong impetus, momentarily, to the incipient Pan-Latin movement" and defined "Latinity" as consisting of "the peoples of France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Romania, Southern Switzerland, Wallonia, Quebec and Latin America".
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