The handscroll is a long, narrow, horizontal scroll format in East Asia used for calligraphy or paintings. A handscroll usually measures up to several meters in length and around 25–40 cm in height.[Delbanco, Dawn (2008). "Chinese Handscrolls". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 24 September 2011.]
The traditional alternative format in East Asian paintings is the vertical hanging scroll, which is rarely as long.
History
According to the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the handscroll format originated with ancient Chinese text documents.[ During the Eastern Han period (25–220), the use of paper and silk in the handscroll format became more common.][ The handscroll was one of the main formats for texts up until the Tang dynasty (618–907).][ From the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), the handscroll became a standard format for paintings.][ New styles were developed over time.][
]
Handscrolls were introduced to Japan centuries later through the spread of Buddhism. The earliest extant Japanese handscroll was created in the eighth century and deals with the life of the Buddha. Japanese horizontal picture scrolls are called emakimono (or emaki), and more often cover narrative subjects than their Chinese equivalents.[Willmann]
Description
A handscroll has a backing of protective and decorative silk (包首) usually bearing a small title label (題簽) on it.[ In Chinese art, the handscroll usually consists of a frontispiece (引首) at the beginning (right side), the artwork (畫心) itself in the middle, and a colophon section (拖尾) at the end for various inscriptions.][ Vertical strips (隔水) are sometimes used to separate the different sections.][ Most handscrolls contain only one painting, although several short paintings can also be mounted on the scroll.][ At the beginning of the scroll is a wooden stave (天杆), which serves as a support.][ A silk cord (帶子) and a fastener (別子) is attached to the stave and used to secure the rolled-up scroll.][ A wooden roller (木杆) is attached at the very end, around which the scroll is rolled.][
]
Examples
Further reading
External links
