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Coturnix is a genus of five extant species and five to eight known extinct species of Old World quail.
The quails are related to the African spurfowl, jungle bush quail, and Alectoris, which together with the species of Coturnix, Synoicus, and a few others make up a clade called Coturnicini, a tribe within the subfamily Pavoninae.
| Rain quail ( Coturnix coromandelica) | The Indian subcontinent, especially the Indus valley of central Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan; winter range extends to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam | ||
| Harlequin quail ( Coturnix delegorguei) | Africa and the Arabian Peninsula | ||
| Common quail ( Coturnix coturnix) | Breeding range includes most of Europe and western Asia; winter in the Indian subcontinent and Africa. Some subspecies breed in sub-Saharan Africa | ||
| Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica) | Typically breed in East Asia and winter in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and southern China, but have been reported breeding in Turkey and wintering across southern Africa | ||
| †New Zealand quail ( Coturnix novaezelandiae) | (extinct) | New Zealand | |
| Stubble quail ( Coturnix pectoralis) | Australia, especially coastal New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. Extirpated from Tasmania |
| †Canary Islands quail ( Coturnix gomerae) | La Gomera, Canary Islands | ||
| †Porto Santo quail ( Coturnix alabrevis) | Porto Santo Island, Madeira | ||
| †Cape Verde quail ( Coturnix centensis) | Cape Verde | ||
| †Madeiran quail ( Coturnix lignorum) | Madeira Island, Madeira |
Fragmentary remains representing three other Coturnix species were also recovered from Macaronesia: Coturnix sp. A from Bugio Island in Madeira, Coturnix sp. B from Santa Maria in the Azores (likely representing another extinct island endemic species) and Coturnix sp. C from Graciosa in the Azores. Due to their fragmentary nature, it is uncertain whether these represented their own species or were synonymous with one of the already-described extinct Coturnix species or the extant common quail ( Coturnix coturnix), which also has fossil remains known from Macaronesia and is still present there.
A fossil species from the Late Oligocene - Late Miocene of SW and Central Europe was described as Coturnix gallica. Another, C. donnezani, was widespread in Early Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Europe.Mlíkovský (2002)
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