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Udupi () also known as 'Odipu' () is a in the Indian state of . It is the administrative headquarters of , and one of the fastest-growing cities in Karnataka. Udupi is one of the top tourist attractions in Karnataka and has various educational institutions. It is notable for the Krishna Temple and is also known as the temple city. It also lends its name to the popular , is also known as Parashurama Kshetra, and is famous for . A centre of pilgrimage, Udupi is known as Rajatha Peetha pura


Etymology
The name 'Udupi' is derived from the word "odipu", which means "emergence". It is also believed that it came from the Sanskrit word "Udupa", meaning "".


History
In the 13th century, saint founded the Sri Krishna Temple. He set up eight – Ashta Mathas in Udupi to propagate the philosophy, and this caused a vibrant temple culture to take root in present-day . Significant migration of to the region took place subsequently, and they came to comprise 10 per cent of the region's population, three times higher than elsewhere in .Chinmay Tumbe, India Moving: A History of Migration (2019), p.42


Demographics
Udupi city is part of the eponymous district in Karnataka, India. As per the census in 2011, Udupi city has 33,987 households and a total population of 144,960, of which 71,614 are males and 73,346 are females. The population of scheduled castes is 8,385 while that of scheduled tribes is 6,774. The city population is growing at a rate of 14.03%.

The most spoken language in Udupi town is . and are also spoken in Udupi town. Dakhini and are spoken by in the region.


Government and politics
Udupi city falls under the Udupi Chikmagalur and the Udupi Chikmagalur State assembly constituency and is represented by the Member of Parliament Kota Srinivas pujari and Member of Legislative Assembly, Yashpal Suvarna.


Civic Administration
Udupi, which previously had a Town Municipal Council now has a City Municipal Council which came into existence in 1995. Areas around Udupi, such as Manipal, Udupi Manipal from Manipal World News Parkala, Malpe, Udyavara and Santhekatte were merged to form the City Municipal Council.

The city of Udupi is governed by the City Municipal Council and has 35 wards spread across an area of . It is headed by Anand C Kallolikar, the Municipal Commissioner. The city council has departments for health, urban planning, technical division, revenue, finance, birth and death, and Day-NULM.


Civic Utility
The master plan of the city is prepared by the Udupi Urban Development Authority (UUDA) and the Directorate of Town and Country Planning.

The city receives its primary source of drinking water from water stored at Baje vented dam. The municipality also seeks to augment its water storage by pumping water accumulated in the at Sanebettu. The city is divided into three zones with different timings for efficient water supply. It also received a loan of $75 million from the Asian Development Bank to have all round the clock water supply in 2018.

The city has both open and closed drains. The underground sewage network exists in only 20% of the city's area as of 2017, but has been proposed to increase from the present 82 kilometres to 143 kilometres. The municipality area generated 46 million litres (MLD) of sewage which is treated at a in .


Geography and climate
Udupi has an elevation of above mean sea level. The climate in Udupi is hot in summers and pleasant in winter. During summers (from March to May) the temperature reaches up to and in winters (from December to February) it is usually between . As it is a coastal area, there are a few beaches which are tourist attractions. Kaup beach, Malpe beach are two of the beaches in Udupi.

The period is from June to September, with rainfall averaging more than every year and heavy winds.


Culture
, , Karangolu, and are some cultural traditions of Udupi. The residents celebrate festivals such as , , Krishna Janmashtami, , , . Folk arts like are also popular.

During Krishna Janmashtami, , a traditional folk dance originated in Udupi is demonstrated on the streets. "Pili Yesa" translates to Tiger.


Cuisine
The origin of this cuisine is linked to Krishna Matha (Mutt). Lord Krishna is offered food of different varieties every day, and there are certain restrictions on ingredients during Chaturmasa (a four-month period during the monsoon season). These restrictions coupled with the requirement of variety led to innovation, especially in dishes incorporating seasonal and locally available materials. This cuisine was developed by Madhwa Brahmins who cooked food for Lord Krishna, and at Krishna Matha in Udupi, the food is provided free of cost. Restaurants specialised in Udupi cuisine can be seen widely in most metropolitan and large cities around the length and breadth of India.

Although popular for its vegetarian cuisine, Udupi has its fair share of non-vegetarian dishes that are similar to Mangalorean cuisine. Some of these include , Kori Pulimunchi, Chicken Sukka, Fish Curry, Fish Fry and more.


Economy
Udupi is becoming a major town in Karnataka. Udupi is the birthplace of the , . Udupi's economy also consists of agriculture and fishing. Small-scale industries like the industry, and other food industries and milk cooperatives are the most prominent. Recently, Udupi is also making its mark in the real estate industry, greatly influenced by its neighboring spearhead .

The government had signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Cogentrix Light and Power Industry to set up a thermal power plant in the district at . However, because of stiff opposition from citizens and environmentalist groups, the project has been temporarily suspended. An attempt by the Nagarjuna Power Corporation to set up a similar plant at nearby also met strong opposition. Now, the power plant has been set up, generating 1,200 MW of power under the name of Udupi Power Corporation Limited (UPCL), a subsidiary of Lanco Infra, an Andhra Pradesh-based infrastructure major. has taken over from Lanco Infra in 2014 for a sum of Rs 6,000 crores. The opposition, however, continues.

, a suburb of Udupi, is home to the headquarters of Syndicate Bank. It is renowned as an education and medical hub. Kasturba Medical College and MIT (Manipal Institute of Technology) are situated here.

TEBMA Shipyards Ltd is located in Malpe harbour complex. It is involved in building multipurpose platform supply vessels (MPSVs), platform supply vessel, geotechnical research vessel, dredgers and tugs for Indian as well as export markets.

Udupi has a local industry. Made of pure cotton and lightweight, the sari has art silk design on its border and pallu besides butta of art silk dotting it. Hard work, low returns, and competition from has led to a drop in the number of weavers of nearly 95% over three decades. A geographical indication tag for Udupi sarees is under examination with the Geographical Indications Registry of India.


Transport
National Highways NH 66 and NH 169A pass through Udupi. Other significant roads include the State Highways to , and . NH 66 provides a link to and via and NH 169A to , , and . Private as well as government buses connect Udupi to all parts of . Udupi has a railway station on the . The nearest International Airport to Udupi is Mangalore International Airport, which is approx. 58.5 km away.

City and suburban transport is available for travel within Udupi and its suburbs. The buses originate from the suburban bus stand (City Bus Stand). There are private bus operators as well as KSRTC city service buses.

The nearest harbor/ port to Udupi is , which is 5 km away, and (), which is 36 km away. The New Mangalore Port is 50 km away from Udupi.

Udupi railway station is managed by Konkan Railways. It is in Indrali about 4 km from Udupi city bus stand and is on the - rail route. Direct trains are available to , , , , , , , , , and Okha. Cities like , , , , Thiruvananthapuram, , (Quilon), etc., are also connected to Udupi.


See also


Bibliography


Further reading

External links

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