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Sayago is a comarca (county, but with no administrative role) in the province of Zamora in central Spain.
Douro canyons are especially deep in the stretch shared with Portugal, as the erosion found better conditions to act than in previous zones. That has been the cause for the relatively low relations between the comarca and Portugal. The canyons have been used to build some along the river in its journey through the comarca: San Román Dam, Villalcampo Dam, Castro Dam, Miranda Dam, Picota Dam and Bemposta Dam (the last three owned by Portugal), apart from the mentioned Almendra Dam. They all are for electricity production, making Sayago one of the most important hydroelectric areas in the whole country.
It is not only the canyons which define the landscape of Sayago. The highlands, where towns are located, form an extended peneplain with successions of hills and valleys caused by streams that join the Douro and Tormes rivers. Geologically, the most common terrain is composed by low-quality ground and many granite outcrops, with few areas of fertile floor around the streams.
The high value of this ecosystem has been recognized when in 2002 the Arribes del Duero Natural Park was declared. The Spanish — also known as the Sayaguese — word arribes refers to the Douro and Tormes canyons. This area is the home for many endangered bird species such as black stork and is known for a well-preservation of the native flora. Holm oak, common oak, juniper, broom or thyme are some of the species that dominates the flora scenario in Sayago.
During the Visigothic Kingdom in Spain, an own kingdom, called Sabaria, existed in the zone, but it was soon conquered by the Visigoths in the 6th century. Middle age passes by without any relevance and the isolation of Sayago begin to leave a deep mark in the character of the comarca. The Umayyad conquest of Hispania did not leave any remarkable architecture or tradition in Sayago. In contrast, the Catholic Church dominate the life of the Sayaguese people over the High Middle Ages, submitting the towns to a strict regime where peasants had to pay the tithe from what they collect in their respective farms and give it to the Catholic Church.
There is a worrying lack of documents about all the period between the 14th century and 18th century. Only few inscriptions about the building of hermitages, cemeteries, and other religious points remained in . Unfortunately, it was necessary to wait for a bad date, the Peninsular War between Spain and the Napoleonic France to have any kind of news about the comarca. In its way to Portugal, the Grande Armée went through Sayago leaving awful memories in the Sayaguese people.
The Spanish Civil War also struck the county, with dozens of people killed because of their political sympathies. From then to now, Sayago has experimented phenomena like the rural exodus, or the Spanish diaspora that has led its population to decrease markedly. First it was attributed to the industrialization of Spanish cities, and now the lack of opportunities for young people is what makes them to move to urban areas. Isolation plays a crucial role in this situation. This could be attenuated by new initiatives like rural tourism or high-quality husbandry and agriculture.
The main characteristics that define the dialect are the following ones:
Farming has been an important activity, but the landscape (especially the common granite outcrops) set important difficulties to concentrate the lands of each owner in one (technique called Flurbereinigung), reducing the opportunities to be competitive in agriculture. The dispersion of the properties has to be found in the inheritance methods, dividing the plots between the heirs of each owner.
These conditions make the development of agriculture difficult, so these kind of land uses have not gone far from subsistence agriculture. are supported by the local inhabitants to provide fresh vegetables and fruits.
Domestic life maintains many characteristics from the subsistence economy, as happens in the majority of the rural areas of Spain. In Sayago this is even a stronger phenomenon than in other counties, again because the geographical isolation that historically delays every forward from the urban areas. For example, Tap water is a relatively new service, there's no gas pipelines supplying the area (people have to use electrical heaters) or the Internet has been really difficult to introduce. It is also common to not have mobile coverage except in some elevated areas.
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