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Noyon (; ; , Noviomagus of the Viromandui, then Noviomum) is a commune in the Oise department, Northern France. INSEE commune file
By the Middle Ages, the town's Vulgar Latin name had mutated to Noviomum. The town was strongly fortified; some sections of the Roman walls still remained in late antiquity. This may explain why, around the year 531, bishop Medardus moved his seat from Vermand in the Vermandois to Noyon. (Another option was to move his seat to Saint-Quentin but the wine produced in Noyon was thought to be much better than that produced in Saint-Quentin.M. Lachiver, Vins, vignes et vignerons. Histoire du vignoble français, éditions Fayard, Paris, 1988, (), p. 53 Other explanations are that Medardus was born near the town, at Salency, or that the place is nearer to Soissons, which was one of the royal capitals of the .) The bishop of Noyon was also bishop of Tournai from the seventh century until Tournai was raised to a separate diocese 1146. Catholic Encyclopedia, s.v. Tournai [Doornik] (Diocese); Roman Catholic Diocese of Tournai.
The cathedral at Noyon was where Charlemagne was crowned as co-King of the Franks in 768,Peter Lasko, Ars Sacra, 800-1200, (Yale University Press, 1994), 1. as was the first Capetian king, Hugh Capet in 987. Laon, Kim M. Magon, Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places, Vol. 2, ed. Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger, (Routledge, 1995), 397. In 859 the town was attacked by VikingsKarl Leyser, Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries, ed. Timothy Reuter, (Hambledon Press, 1994), 48 note110. and the bishop, Immo, captured and killed.Dudo (Dean of St. Quentin), History of the Normans, transl. Eric Christiansen, (The Boydell Press, 1998), 184 note82. The town received a medieval commune in 1108, which was later confirmed by Philip Augustus in 1223. In the twelfth century, the diocese of Noyon was raised to an ecclesiastical duchy in the peerage of France. The Romanesque cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1131, but soon replaced by the present cathedral, Notre-Dame de Noyon, constructed between 1145 and 1235, one of the earliest examples of Gothic architecture in France. The bishop's library is a historic example of half-timbered construction.
By the Treaty of Noyon, signed on the 13 August 1516 between Francis I of France and emperor Charles V, France abandoned its claims to the Kingdom of Naples and received the Duchy of Milan in recompense. The treaty brought the War of the League of Cambrai— one stage of the Italian Wars— to a close. The Hôtel de Ville was completed in 1520.
During King Henry II's Italian war in 1557, most of Noyon would be burned,George A. Rothrock, The Huguenots: A Biography of a Minority, (Nelson-Hall, Inc., 1979), 48. in the midst of Philip II of Spain's invasion of Picardy, A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol. II, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 518. before returning to their winter quarters in the Spanish Netherlands.
Near the end of the sixteenth century the town fell under Habsburg control, but Henry IV of France recaptured it. The Concordat of 1801 suppressed its bishopric. The town was occupied by the Germany during World War I and World War II and on both occasions suffered heavy damage. It was the closest point on the road to Paris reached by the German armies during the Spring Offensive in 1918. (2026). 9780141020792, Penguin Books. ISBN 9780141020792
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