Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweed or morning glory, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous , but also include , and . The Tuber of several species are edible, the best known of which is the sweet potato.
Description
Convolvulaceae can be recognized by their funnel-shaped, radially symmetrical corolla; the floral formula for the family has five
sepals, five fused
petals, five epipetalous
stamens (stamens fused to the petals), and a two-part
syncarpous and superior
gynoecium. The stems of these plants are usually winding, hence their Latin name (from
convolvere, "to wind"). The leaves are simple and alternate, without
. In parasitic
Cuscuta (dodder) they are reduced to scales. The fruit can be a capsule, berry, or nut, all containing only two seeds per one
locule (one
ovule/ovary).
The leaves and starchy, of some species are used as (e.g. sweet potato and Ipomoea aquatica), and the seeds are exploited for their medicinal value as . Some species contain ergoline alkaloids that are likely responsible for the use of these species as ingredients in psychedelic drug drugs (e.g. ololiuhqui). The presence of ergolines in some species of this family is due to infection by fungi related to the ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. A recent study of Convolvulaceae species, Ipomoea asarifolia, and its associated fungi showed the presence of a fungus, identified by DNA sequencing of 18s and ITS ribosomal DNA and phylogeny to be closely related to fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, was always associated with the presence of ergoline alkaloids in the plant. The identified fungus appears to be a seed-transmitted, obligate biotroph growing on its host. This finding strongly suggests the unique presence of ergoline alkaloids in some species of the family Convolvulaceae is due to symbiosis with Clavicipitaceae fungi. Moreover, another group of compounds, loline alkaloids, commonly produced by some members of the clavicipitaceous fungi (genus Neotyphodium), has been identified in a convolvulaceous species, but the origin of the loline alkaloids in this species is unknown.
Members of the family are well known as food plants (e.g. sweet potatoes and Ipomoea aquatica), as showy garden plants (e.g. morning glory) and as troublesome weeds (e.g. bindweed (mainly Convolvulus and Calystegia) and Cuscuta), while Humbertia madagascariensis is a medium-sized tree and Ipomoea carnea is an erect shrub. Some parasitic members of this family are also used medicinally.
Genera
- Tribe Aniseieae
- Tribe Cardiochlamyeae
- Tribe Convolvuleae
- Tribe Cresseae
- Tribe Cuscuteae
- Tribe Dichondreae
- Tribe Erycibeae
- Tribe Humbertieae
- Tribe Ipomoeae
- Tribe Maripeae
- Tribe Poraneae
- Incertae sedis
Further reading
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Austin, D. F. 1997. Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory Family)
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Convolvulus plant
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Convolvulaceae in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
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Costea, M. 2007-onwards. Digital Atlas of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae)
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Lyons, K. E. 2001. Element stewardship abstract for Convolvulus arvensis L. field bindweed. The Nature Conservancy.
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Calif. Dept. of Food and Agriculture. Undated. Field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis L.)
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Univ. of Idaho Extension. 1999. Homewise: No matter what we do, our morning glory weeds come back every year. Any advice? Aug. 23
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Hodges, L. 2003. Bindweed identification and control options for organic production. NebFacts. Univ. of Nebraska – Lincoln Cooperative Extension
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Univ. of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2003. Field Bindweed. Pest Notes. Publ. # 7462
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Washington State Univ. Cooperative Extension. Undated. Hortsense: Weeds: Field bindweed (Wild morningglory): Convolvulus arvensis
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Sullivan, P. 2004.
target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> Field bindweed control alternatives. ATTRA. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service.
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Lanini, W. T. Undated. Organic weed management in vineyards. University of California, Davis Cooperative Extension.
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Cox, H. R. 1915. The eradication of bindweed or wild morning-glory. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin 368. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.
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New Mexico State Univ. Cooperative Extension Service. 2004. Managing Aceria malherbae gall mites for control of field bindweed.
External links