Caprifoliaceae

 ( Asterid Families ) 

The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of consisting of about 860 species in 33 to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa.

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Description The flowering plants in this clade are mostly and : rarely herbs. They include some ornamental garden plants grown in temperate regions. The leaf are mostly opposite with no stipules (appendages at the base of a leafstalk or leaf), and may be either evergreen or deciduous. The are tubular funnel-shaped or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant. They usually form a small Sepal with small bracts. The fruit is in most cases a berry or a drupe. The genera Diervilla and Weigela have capsular fruit, while Heptacodium has an achene.

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Taxonomy Views of the family-level classification of the traditionally accepted Caprifoliaceae and other plants in the botanical order Dipsacales have been considerably revised in recent decades. Most botanists now accept the placement of two of the most familiar members of this group, the elderberries ( Sambucus) and the viburnums ( Viburnum), in the family Adoxaceae instead; these were formerly classified here. 33 genera are currently accepted.

Several other families of the more broadly treated Caprifoliaceae s.l. are separated by some but not all authors; these are treated as subfamilies in the listing of genera below, along with estimated numbers of species. Subfamily Diervilloideae

• Diervilla – bush honeysuckle, 3 species
• Weigela – 10 species

Subfamily Caprifolioideae s.s.

• Heptacodium – seven-son flower, 1 species
• Leycesteria – 7 species
• Lonicera – honeysuckle, 158 species
• Symphoricarpos – snowberry, 15 species
• Triosteum – horse gentian, 6 species

Subfamily DipsacoideaeMayer, V. and Ehrendorfer, F. (2013), The phylogenetic position of Pterocephalidium and the new African genus Pterothamnus within an improved classification of Dipsacaceae. Taxon /ref>

• × Succisoknautia – 1 species
• Triplostegia – 1 species
• Tribe Bassecoieae
• Bassecoia – 3 species
• Tribe Dipsaceae
• Cephalaria – 102 species
• Dipsacus – teasel, 21 species
• Tribe Knautieae
• Knautia – 55 species
• Tribe Pseudoscabioseae
• Pseudoscabiosa – 3 species
• Tribe Pterocephalidieae
• Pterocephalidium – 1 species
• Pterothamnus – 1 species
• Tribe Succiseae
• Succisa - 3 species
• Succisella – 5 species

Subfamily Scabiosoideae

• Tribe Scabioseae
• Pterocephalus – 34 species
• Scabiosa – scabious or pincushion flower, 68 species
• Tribe Lomelosieae
• Lomelosia – 63 species
• Pycnocomon – 2 species

Subfamily Linnaeoideae

• Abelia – 6 species
• Diabelia – 4 species
• Dipelta – 3 species
• Kolkwitzia – beautybush, 1 species
• Linnaea – twinflower, 1 species
• Vesalea – 6 species

Subfamily Morinoideae

• Morina – 14 species
• Zabelia – 8 species

Subfamily Valerianaceae

• Nardostachys – 1 species
• Patrinia – 14 species
• Valeriana – valerians, 426 species
• Valerianella – cornsalads, 28 species

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Uses

The plants belonging to this family are mainly hardy shrubs or vines of ornamental plant value, many of which are popular garden shrubs, notably species belonging to the genera Abelia, Lonicera, and Weigela. Valerianella locusta is cultivated for use in food.

A few, however, have become invasive weeds outside their native ranges (such as Lonicera japonica).

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Other sources

• Flowering Plants of the World, 1987, Vernon H. Heywood, Andromeda Oxford Ltd.,
• Botanica, Gordon Cheers, Random House Australia,

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External links

• Caprifoliaceae in Topwalks
• Species account : Caprifoliaceae
• Comparison Table for the Cornidae

Categories: Asterid Families

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