A close-in weapon system ( CIWS )
There are mainly three types of CIWS systems: gun-based CIWS, missile-based CIWS, and hybrid gun- and missile-based CIWS. A gun-based CIWS usually consists of a combination of , computers, and rapid-firing multiple-barrel placed on a rotating gun turret. Missile-based CIWSs use either infra-red, passive radar/ESM, or semi-active radar terminal guidance to guide missiles to the targeted enemy aircraft or other threats. In some cases, CIWS are used on land to protect military bases. In this case, the CIWS can also protect the base from shell and rocket fire.
Gun systems
A gun-based CIWS usually consists of a combination of radars, computers and
rotary cannon or
revolver cannon cannon placed on a rotating, automatically aimed gun mount. Examples of gun-based CIWS products in operation are:
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AK-630, 630M, 306, 630M1-2, and 630M2 - 30×165mm caliber
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Aselsan GOKDENIZ and GOKDENIZ ER - 35×228mm
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DARDO and Fast Forty - 40×365mmR
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Denel 35mm Dual Purpose Gun - 35×228mm
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Goalkeeper CIWS - 30×173mm
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Kashtan CIWS and M variant - 30×165mm
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Mauser BK-27 - 27×145 mm
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Meroka CIWS - 20×128mm
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Myriad CIWS - 25×184mm
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PIT-Radwar OSU-35K - 35×228mm
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Rheinmetall Oerlikon Millennium Gun
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Rheinmetall Sea Snake 30 mm - 30×173mm
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Phalanx CIWS Block 0, 1, 1A, and 1B - 20×102mm
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Sea Zenith - 25×184mm
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Type 730 and Type 1130 CIWS - 30×165mm
Limitations of gun systems
CIWS systems are short range: the maximum effective range of gun systems is about ; systems with lighter projectiles have even shorter range. The expected real-world kill-distance of an incoming anti-ship missile is about or less,
still close enough to cause damage to the ship's sensor or communication arrays, or to wound or kill exposed personnel. Thus some CIWS like Russian
Kashtan CIWS and Pantsir systems are augmented by installing the close range surface-to-air missiles on the same mounting for increased tactical flexibility.
They have a limited kill probability compared to other anti-air guns. Even if the missile is hit and damaged, this may not be enough to destroy it entirely or to alter its course. Even in the case of a direct hit, the missile or fragments from it may still impact the intended target, particularly if the final interception distance is short. This is especially true if the gun fires kinetic-energy-only projectiles.[Discovery Channel Discovery Channel Science Top 10 Weapon: Fire Power]
Comparison table
Missile systems
A missile-based CIWS comprises a combination of radars and computers connected to either a rotating, automatically aimed launcher mount or vertical launching system. Examples of missile-based CIWS in operational service are:
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9M337 Sosna-R
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Barak 1
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GÖKSUR (Turkey)
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HHQ-10 / FL-3000N
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Levent (Turkey)
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RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile
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Mistral-3 (ship-based remotely controlled variants)
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Sea Oryx
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Tor missile system
Hybrid Gun-Missile systems
Examples of gun-missile-based CIWS in operational service are:
Land-based
CIWS are also used on land in the form of Pantsir and C-RAM.
On a smaller scale,
active protection systems are used in some
(to destroy rocket propelled grenades (RPGs), and several are in development. The
Drozd system was deployed on Soviet Naval Infantry tanks in the early 1980s, but later replaced by explosive reactive armour. Other systems that are available or under development are the Russian Arena, Israeli Trophy, American Quick Kill and South African-Swedish LEDS-150.
Laser systems
Laser-based CIWS systems are being researched. In August 2014 an operational prototype was deployed to the Persian Gulf aboard .
[ U.S. Navy Deploys Its First Laser Weapon in the Persian Gulf - Bloomberg.com, 14 November 2014] The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (
Turkish language:
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK) is the second organisation after the US to have developed and tested a High Power Laser CIWS prototype System which is intended to be used on the TF-2000 class frigate and on Turkish airborne systems.
