Product Code Database
The Botafumeiro is a famous thurible used at the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, in Spain. Its name comes from the Galician language, where botar means "to eject, to throw away, to expel", and the Latin fume, meaning "smoke".
It is considered a symbol of both the cathedral and the city. The Botafumeiro is especially celebrated for its swinging motion during the Pilgrim's Mass and other solemn dates, where it can reach speeds of about 60 km/h. Liturgy This ritual has been taking place since at least the 12th century.
The Santiago de Compostela Botafumeiro is one of the largest in the world,The claim that the Botafumeiro is the largest thurible in the world is often made, but in fact there is a thurible in Lohne, Oldenburg, Germany that reportedly weighs 500 kg and stands 3.21 meters high Der Botafumeiro, . weighing 80 kgThere are many other weights given in the literature, as can be seen in this section. and measuring 1.93 m in height. It is normally on display in the library of the cathedral, Camino de Santiago (Way of Saint James) pilgrimage, Galicia Guide: Guide to everything Galicia; includes a picture of the Botafumeiro in the museum library of the cathedral. but for certain important religious occasions, like the Feast of Saint James , it is brought to the floor of the cathedral and attached to a rope hung from the pulley mechanism.
There is another large thurible used in the other masses carried out in the cathedral, called La Alcachofa (literally, 'the Artichoke') El Botafumeiro, Javier Mosquera, Vivelacuidad, January 31, 2007. or La Repollo (literally, 'the Cabbage'). La Alcachofa is a silver-colored metal censer. It was created in 2013 by the sacred art artisans working under the craftsman Luis Molina Acedo.
The Botafumeiro is suspended 20 m from a pulley mechanism under the dome on the roof of the church. The current pulley mechanism was installed in 1604.
The ropes typically last about 20 years before they have to be replaced. However, recently a thicker rope than usual was used, and the extra rubbing produced premature wear of the rope. Therefore, this thicker rope had to be replaced sooner than had been expected, in 2004. The use of La Botafumeiro, the smoking pot, in the cathedral has been suspended , Ivar Rekve, Santiago Today, August 6, 2004 The Botafumeiro swings again , Ivar Rekve, Santiago Today, Thursday, August 19, 2004 Before 2004, the ropes were woven from hemp,Charles Ranald, 17 October 2001, "Santiago at last", The Daily Telegraph or a type of grass called esparto, and made in Vigo, Spain. Since 2004, a rope made of synthetic material has been used.
The censer is pushed initially to start its motion. Eight red-robed tiraboleiros pull the ropes, producing increasingly large oscillations of the censer. The thurible's swings almost reach the ceiling of the transept. The incensory can reach speeds of 68 km/h as it dispenses thick clouds of incense.
At the top of the swing, the Botafumeiro reaches heights of 21 meters. It swings in a 65-meter arc between the Azabachería and Praterias doorways at the ends of the transept. The maximum angle achieved is about 82°. The maximum can be reached after about 17 cycles, and requires about 80 seconds of swinging.
Numerous sources report different weights of the Botafumeiro ranging from 50 kilograms to 160 kilograms. Le Botafumeiro differential equation example HÀNH HƯƠNG NĂM THÁNH SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA 2004, Tứ Linh, Vietnamese account. Speaking in Tongues: Stories from the Road to Santiago, G. Tiao, Harvard Advocate, Fall, 2005
In the 13th century, the pulley mechanism was changed to incorporate a set of coaxial drums of different diameters. Without this innovation, the largest excursion of the Botafumeiro would be about 1.5 meters, the length of the rope pulled by the tiraboleiros.
In the 15th century, France's King Louis XI (1423–1483) donated money to the cathedral to replace their medieval thurible, which was made of silver. A new silver thurible was put into service in 1554. Unfortunately, this ornate vessel was stolen by Napoleon's troops in April, 1809, during an episode in the Peninsular War (1808–1814). Therefore, the Louis XI censer was replaced by the present less-ostentatious Losada thurible in 1851.
After 155 years of use, the Botafumeiro was restored in early 2006 by artisans and craftsmen working under Luis Molina Acedo. They repaired the dents and cracks in the Botafumeiro and reapplied a 20 micrometre thick plating of silver to the vessel.
In 2018, the Spanish perfume and leather company Carner Barcelona released the Botafumeiro perfume, dedicated to the censer. The main note in the fragrance is incense.
Many other cathedrals had similar large thuribles at one time. However, most of the other cathedrals discontinued the use of their swinging censers over the years.
One of the most renowned accidents took place during a visit of Princess Catherine of Aragon. She was on a journey to marry the heir to the English throne in 1499 and stopped by the cathedral in Santiago de Compostela. While it was being swung, the Botafumeiro flew out of the cathedral through the Platerias high window. No one was reported to have been injured on this occasion.
The ropes and other devices securing the Botafumeiro have also failed; on May 23, 1622, and more recently in 1925 and July 1937. In 1622, the Botafumeiro fell at the feet of the tiraboleiros. In July 1937, the cords holding the Botafumeiro failed again, and hot coals were spilled onto the floor.
Current procedure is to attach the rope to the Botafumeiro with a set of Carrick bend.
Operating dates
It costs about €450 to privately request a thurible "performance" at the cathedral. It is however very popular with pilgrims, tourists and visitors. The Botafumeiro officially operates during these solemn dates:
Tiraboleiros
The Botafumeiro is carried and swung by eight men in red robes, called tiraboleiros. The term tiraboleiro is a Galician derivation from the Latin word turifer, which means 'incense carrier', and from which is derived the English equivalent, thurible. This comes from the Latin words thus, meaning 'incense', and fero', meaning 'carry'. There is a comparable term in Spanish, turiferario. (This is also the term used in Italian.)
History
One tradition has it that the use of a swinging censer in the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral began in the 11th century.One document from around 1300 describes the Botafumeiro as "now part of the ceremony" [11]. Arriving pilgrims were tired and unwashed. It was also believed that incense smoke had a prophylactic effect at the time of plagues and . Incense burning is also an important part of the liturgy, being an "oration to God", or form of prayer.
Accidents
Over the years, a number of accidents have occurred during the swinging of the Botafumeiro. Apparently at one time, the Botafumeiro was attached to the rope with a hook which sometimes became disconnected.
Footnotes and references
External links
Botafumeiro simulations
Videos
|
|
