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Arthur is a masculine given name of uncertain etymology. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero .

A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is . In Spanish and Italian, a common spelling variant used is .


Etymology
The earliest attestation of the name Arthur is in the early 9th century Welsh-Latin text Historia Brittonum, where it refers to a circa 5th century Romano-British general who fought against the invading , and who later gave rise to the famous of medieval legend and literature. A possible earlier mention of the same man is to be found in the epic Welsh poem by , which some scholars assign to the late 6th century, though this is still a matter of debate and the poem only survives in a late 13th century manuscript entitled the Book of Aneirin.Koch, John T., The Gododdin of Aneirin, University of Wales Press, 1997, pp. xi, xxii, 22, 147, 148.
(2025). 9781851094400, ABC-CLIO.
A 9th-century landowner named Arthur witnessed several charters collected in the Cartulary of Redon.de Courson, A. (ed.), Cartulaire de Redon, Paris, 1863, pp. 19, 42, 60, 76, 183.

The Irish borrowed the name by the late 6th century (either from an early or form Artur), producing Artúr (Latinized as Arturius by Adomnán in his Life of St. Columba, written circa 697–700),* Jaski, Bart, Early Irish examples of the name Arthur, Z.C.P. band 56, 2004. The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Áedán mac Gabráin (died 609).Adomnán, I, 8–9 and translator's note 81; Bannerman, pp. 82–83. Bannerman, pp. 90–91, notes that Artúr is the son of Conaing, son of Áedán in the Senchus fer n-Alban.

The exact origins of the name Arthur remains a matter of debate. Some claim that it derives from the Roman (family name) . Artorius itself is of obscure and contested etymology; some have proposed a MessapicMarcella Chelotti, Vincenza Morizio, Marina Silvestrini, Le epigrafi romane di Canosa, Volume 1, Edipuglia srl, 1990, pg. 261, 264.Ciro Santoro, "Per la nuova iscrizione messapica di Oria", La Zagaglia, A. VII, n. 27, 1965, P. 271-293.Ciro Santoro, La Nuova Epigrafe Messapica "IM 4. 16, I-III" di Ostuni ed nomi in Art-, Ricerche e Studi, Volume 12, 1979, p. 45-60 or Etruscan origin.Wilhelm Schulze, Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen (Volume 5, Issue 2 of Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Göttingen Philologisch-Historische Klasse), 2nd Edition, Weidmann, 1966, p. 72, pp. 333–338Olli Salomies: Die römischen Vornamen. Studien zur römischen Namengebung. Helsinki 1987, p. 68Herbig, Gust., "Falisca", Glotta, Band II, Göttingen, 1910, p. 98 Nevertheless, according to etymologist "the theory that derives Arthur from Artorius is left unsupported by any evidence worthy of the name".

According to the linguist and Stefan Zimmer, it is possible that Artorius has a Celtic origin, being a Latinization of the hypothetical name *Artorījos, derived from the *Arto-rīg-ios, meaning "Son of the Bear/Warrior-King". *Arto-rīg-ios is unattested, but the root, *arto-rīg, "bear/warrior-king", is the source of the Old Irish personal name Artrí, while the similar *Arto-maglos, "bear-prince", produced names in several Brittonic languages. According to Zimmer's etymology, the Celtic short compositional vowel -o- was lengthened and the long -ī- in the second element of the compound -rījos was shortened by Latin speakers, under the influence of Latin agent nouns ending in -tōr (and their derivatives in -tōrius). Some scholars have noted that the legendary 's name only appears as Arthur, Arthurus, or Arturus in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as Artōrius (although the Classical Latin Artōrius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects). However, this may not say anything about the origin of the name Arthur, as Artōrius would regularly become Art(h)ur when borrowed into .

The commonly proposed derivation from Welsh arth "bear" + (g)wr "man" (earlier *Arto-uiros in Brittonic) is not possible for and reasons; notably that a Brittonic compound name *Arto-uiros should produce Old Welsh *Artgur (where -u- represents the short vowel /u/) and Middle/Modern Welsh *Arthwr and not Arthur (where -u- is a long vowel /ʉː/) In Welsh poetry the name is always spelled Arthur and is exclusively rhymed with words ending in -ur—never words ending in -wr—which confirms that the second element cannot be gwr "man").See .See .

An alternative theory, which has gained limited acceptance among scholars,Bromwich, Rachel, Trioedd ynys Prydein: the Welsh triads, University of Wales Press, 1978, p. 544Zimmer, Stefan, Die keltischen Wurzeln der Artussage: mit einer vollständigen Übersetzung der ältesten Artuserzählung Culhwch und Olwen, Winter, 2006, p. 37Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur – A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Volume 13, Number 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131–136.Walter, Philippe, Faccia M. (trans.), Artù. L'orso e il re, Edizioni Arkeios, 2005, p. 74.Johnson, Flint, The British sources of the abduction and Grail romances, University Press of America, 2002, pp. 38–39.Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, Arthur of Britain, Speculum Historiale, 1964, p. 170 derives the name Arthur from the (the brightest star in the constellation Boötes, near or the Great Bear arctūrus, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus), which is the latinisation of the Ἀρκτοῦρος ( Arktouros)[2], Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. and means Bear Guardian from ἄρκτος ( arktos "bear")[3], Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. and οὖρος ( ouros "watcher/guardian").[4], Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. This form, Arcturus would have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the "guardian of the bear" and the "leader" of the other stars in Boötes.; .


People and characters with the given name Arthur

Kings and princes

Legendary


Brittany
  • Arthur I, Duke of Brittany (1187–1203), claimant to the English throne. Likely killed by his uncle King John
  • Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (1261–1312)
  • Arthur III, Duke of Brittany (1393–1458)


Great Britain
  • Arthur, Prince of Wales (1486–1502), elder son of Henry VII of England
  • Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1850–1942), seventh child and third son of
  • Prince Arthur of Connaught (1883–1938), son of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn


Notable people
  • or Arthur Melo (born 1996), Brazilian footballer
  • Arthur (footballer, born 2003) (Arthur Augusto de Matos Soares), Brazilian footballer
  • Arthur (footballer, born 2005) (Arthur Wenderroscky Sanches), Brazilian footballer
  • ., American former Chicago-area high school basketball player
  • Arthur Folasa Ah Loo (died 2025), Samoan fashion designer
  • (born 1970), Ghanaian politician
  • (born 1957), Scottish footballer
  • (1940–1993), American soul singer and songwriter
  • Arthur Antunes Coimbra (born 1953), Brazilian footballer, commonly known as Zico
  • (1943–1993), American tennis player
  • (1900–1982), English comedian
  • (1838–1863), Polish commissioner of Augustów Voivodeship during the
  • (1848–1930), earl of Balfour, British politician, and prime minister under Edward VII
  • Arthur Harold Beal (1896–1992), creator of Nitt Witt Ridge
  • , also known as "The Countess", a 19th-century French transgender woman who was a singer, writer, and courtesan
  • (1919–1990), American jazz drummer and bandleader
  • (1882–1974), English first administrative head of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
  • Arthur Bluethenthal (1891–1918), American football player
  • (1940–2017), American jazz saxophonist and composer
  • (1892–1978), English cricketer
  • (1929–2021), English footballer
  • (1936–2025), German actor
  • (born 1950), American attempted assassin of
  • (born 1935), Canadian politician
  • Arthur Beecher Carles (1882-1952), American modernist painter
  • (1918–2003), American actor
  • (1822–1895), British mathematician
  • Sir Arthur C. Clarke (1917–2008), British writer
  • (1892–1962), American physicist
  • Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930), British writer
  • (1946–2003), American soul singer
  • (1909-1966), Welsh cricketer
  • (1875–1933), Canadian Army officer
  • (1924–2013), American philosopher and art critic
  • (born 1982), British actor and musician
  • Arthur Marcelles de Silva (1879–1957), Sri Lankan Sinhala surgeon
  • (born 1991), French politician
  • Arthur Wentworth Hamilton Eaton (1849–1937), Protestant Episcopal clergyman and writer
  • Sir Arthur Eddington (1882–1944), British astrophysicist
  • Arthur F. Ells (1879–1963), justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court
  • Sir Arthur Evans (1851–1941), British archaeologist
  • (1745–1805), fourth Governor of Rhode Island
  • (born 2004), French tennis player
  • (born 1929), American travel writer and publisher
  • Arthur Burdett Frost (1851–1928), American illustrator, graphic artist, painter and comics writer
  • Arthur J. Gallagher, founder of Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.
  • (born 1941), American entertainer
  • (1940–1990), German serial killer
  • Arthur de Gobineau (1816–1882), French polemicist and political and historical writer
  • (1903–1983), American radio and television personality
  • (1908–1990), American politician and judge
  • A. O. Granger (1846–1914), American industrialist and soldier
  • (1897–1946), German Nazi SS officer executed for war crimes
  • (1725–1803), Irish brewer
  • (1920–2004), British novelist
  • Arthur Harvey (disambiguation)
  • Arthur H. Healey (1920–2003), justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court
  • Arthur Lawrence Hellyer Jr. (1923–2018), American radio host
  • (1941–2012), American NBA basketball player
  • (born 1959), Canadian voice actor
  • (1890–1965), English geologist
  • (1892–1955), Swiss composer
  • Arthur James Johnes (1809–1871), English judge
  • Arthur J. Jones (born 1948), American politician
  • (1914–1990), American actor
  • (1905–1983), British writer
  • (1918–2007), American biochemist
  • (born 1940), American economist
  • (born 2000), Monégasque racing driver
  • Arthur Lee (1945–2006), American musician
  • Arthur Lethbridge (known as Ivor Moreton) (1908–1984), British singer and pianist
  • Arthur Liebehenschel (1901–1948), German commandant at the Auschwitz and Majdanek concentration camps executed for war crimes
  • (1912–2010), Canadian-born American radio and television personality
  • (1891–1980), British herpetologist
  • (1917–2004), New Zealand runner and athletics coach
  • Arthur MacArthur Jr., (1845–1912), American soldier
  • (1888–1964), American comedian and musician
  • Arthur Marshall (disambiguation), several people
  • (1874–1960), Canadian prime minister in the 1920s
  • (born 1993), American football player
  • (1915–2005), American playwright
  • Arthur O'Shaughnessy (1844–1881), British poet and herpetologist
  • Arthur Uther Pendragon (born 1954), British neo-druid leader
  • (1909–1998), Canadian ice hockey administrator
  • (1924–1997), American jazz and R&B singer
  • Arthur Ranasinghe, Sri Lankan civil servant
  • Arthur M. Recht (1938–2018), justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
  • (1854–1891), French poet
  • Arthur Rödl (1898–1945), German Nazi SS commandant of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp
  • Arthur J. Rosier (1880–1932), American politician
  • Arthur J. Samberg (1941–2020), American businessman
  • (born 1938), British miners' union leader
  • Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (1917–2007), American historian
  • Arthur Moritz Schoenflies (1853–1928), German mathematician
  • Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), German philosopher
  • Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1892–1946), Austrian Nazi politician
  • Arthur "Buddy" Schumacher (1916–1925), boy who was found murdered in 1925
  • (born 1941), American baseball player and manager
  • (1945–2008), American cannibalistic serial killer and rapist
  • Arthur Shuttlewood (1920–1996), British ufologist
  • Arthur Donaldson Smith (1866–1939), American explorer
  • Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900), English composer
  • (1810–1855), American politician
  • (1909–1956), American jazz pianist
  • (1899–1997), American singer and actor
  • (1894–1975), English actor
  • Arthur Vandenberg (1884–1951), American politician
  • (1863–1902), New Zealand rugby footballer
  • Arthur Wellesley (1769–1852), British Army officer and statesman
  • Arthur Wijewardena (1887–1964), Chief Justice of Sri Lanka from 1949-1950
  • Arthur A. Wilson, Anglo-Indian cinematographer
  • (born 1956), Hong Kong cinematographer, actor and film director
  • (1943–2006), Singaporean poet, writer and painter


Fictional characters
  • Arthur Kirkland (アーサー・カークランド), the given human name for the personification of the United Kingdom from the anime series
  • Arthur, a character in 1991 American coming-of-age comedy-drama movie My Girl
  • Arthur Birling, an antagonist in the post-war play An Inspector Calls
  • Arthur Curry, alias of
  • Arthur the Tank Engine, a character from Thomas & Friends
  • Ser Arthur Dayne, a character from the A Song of Ice and Fire book series
  • Arthur Denison, the main character of the book series
  • , the main character of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series
  • Arthur Donaldson, a character in the Challengers
  • Arthur Dupres, a character in the American TV miniseries V (1983)
  • Arthur Fleck, the main character in Joker (2019 film)
  • , a character in soap opera
  • , a character in the American TV sitcom
  • Arthur Maxson, leader of the Brotherhood of Steel faction in the video game Fallout 4
  • Arthur Morgan, the main character of the video game Red Dead Redemption 2
  • , the main character in Arthur (TV Show)
  • Arthur Seaton, the main character in 's debut novel Saturday Night and Sunday Morning.
  • Arthur Shelby, a character in Peaky Blinders (TV series)
  • , a character in the book series
  • Arthur Wright, a character in the 1997 French-American fantasy drama movie
  • Arthur Watts, a major antagonist in the animated web series
  • Arthur Fox, the late father of Prince Henry in the book Red, White & Royal Blue and its film adaptation Red, White & Royal Blue (film)
  • Arthur D Lawrence, a character in the video game Rune Factory 4 and Rune Factory 4 special who is a marriage candidate to female protagonist and act as a merchant and a prince of Norad


Translations


See also
  • MacArthur (disambiguation)
  • Macarthur (disambiguation)
  • McArthur (disambiguation)

Sources

  • .
  • .
  • . (EBSCO subscription required for online access.)
  • .
  • .
  • .
  • .
  • . ( subscription required for online access.)
  • Jaski, Bart, Early Irish examples of the name Arthur, Z.C.P. band 56, 2004

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