Arette (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. It is located in the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1.
Geography
Arrete is located some 15 km south by south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and some 4 km south-east of Aramits. It lies close to both the French Basque region and borders
Spain in the south. It is within the borders of Béarn, one of the traditional French provinces.
Access to the commune is by French rail SNCF to Pau, and a short bus ride to Arrete. Less scenic is the automobile route: D918 road from Lanne-en-Barétous in the north-west coming south-east to the village then continuing east to Issor. The D132 goes south from the village down the length of the commune following a tortuous mountain route before exiting the southern border of the commune over the Col de la Pierre St Martin (1,760m), which is also the border with Spain, and becoming the Spanish NA-137 which continues to Isaba. The D341 also goes south-east from the village then south, connecting with the D241 at the Col de Labays (1,351m) going east to join the E7 highway south of Sarrance, then continuing along the south-western border to join the D441 south of the commune. The D133 also goes north from the village to Aramits.
Bus Route 848 of the Intercity Network of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Transports 64) links Arette to Oloron-Sainte-Marie.
Arette is a very large commune and has a land area of . It is also mountainous (the La Pierre Saint-Martin ski resort is within its borders, for example) and its highest peak is the 2,315 m Soum Couy, which is situated not far from the 2,504 m Pic d'Anie, the highest peak in the western Pyrenees. From Pic d'Anie the mountain range extends downwards for approximately 20 km, forming both sides of the Aspe Valley to the north-west. The Vert d'Arette (a tributary of the Vert) flows through this valley. The ancient village (also named Arette) from which the commune extends is located at an altitude of 316 m in the valley of Barétous, which lies between the aforementioned Aspe valley, to its east, and the Basque province of Soule, to its west.
Hydrography
Located in the
Drainage basin of the
Adour, the commune is the source of numerous tributaries of the Vert which is itself a tributary of Gave d'Oloron. The largest tributary flowing through the commune is the Vert d'Arrette however many other streams flow north towards the Vert including: the
Abat Daurèye and its tributary, the
Banu Erreka (accompanied by the
Ruisseau de Aurèye);
Ibarcis Erreka; the
Lancy;
the
Ruisseau de Gurré and its tributary the
Ruisseau de Lagaretche; the
Ruisseau de Hournères and its tributary, the
Ouettone; the
Ruisseau de Légorre and its tributary, the
Cassiau de Ber; the streams of
Nécore,
,
, and
Virgou with the tributary of the latter, the
Arrigau (accompanied itself in the commune by the
Bachère).
The Gave de Lourdios, a tributary of the Gave d'Aspe, and its tributaries, the Arric and the Moulia (and their tributaries, Casteigt Erreka and the Ruisseau de Poussious) also pass through the commune. The Gave de Sainte-Engrâce, a tributary of the Saison, and its tributary, the Montcholako Erreka also flow in the territory of the commune.
Places and Hamlets
-
Abat d'Ibarry
-
Adam
-
Gouffre d'Ahuzthéguia
-
Ambielle
-
Ambile
-
Cabane d'Ance
-
Apons
-
Pont de l'Araille
-
Gouffre de l'Arbre Sec
-
Pas d'Arlas
-
L'Arre de Bas
-
Arrègle
-
Arritsens
-
Aspit
-
Aurasse
-
Pont d'Aurèye
-
Cabane d'Auriste
-
Ayesten
-
Barbé
-
Le Pas des Basques
-
Bayrès
-
Bécari
-
Bélatch Paoussaguia
-
Bellegarde
-
Bellocq
-
Bernardicou
-
Bersacalongue
-
Ancien Moulin de Bignau
-
Col de Bissouritto (995 metres)
-
Bitailloué
-
Bonnehe
-
Bonneu
-
Bordehore
-
Col de Boticotch
-
Bois de Bouchet
-
Bourdès
-
Bourdet
-
Les Bourrugues
-
Burs
-
Coume de Cagastié
-
Cam dét Ragutio
-
Camgros
-
Camou
-
Candau
-
Capdelabat
-
Capdeville
-
Pas de Caque
-
Casabonne
-
Casamayou
-
Casaurang
-
Casaux
-
La Cassette
-
Cassiau
-
Castagne (Two places)
-
Cataplous
-
Cerciat
-
Château-Forez
-
Pédaing de Chousse
-
Plateau de la Chousse
-
Col de Cissaugue or Nécore
-
Pont de Cissaugue
-
Costemale
-
Costes
-
Coudure
-
Couillarsut
-
Cabane du Coup
-
Couretcoup
-
Courétot
-
Les Courréges
-
Cousturé
-
Coutchet de Lacq
-
Coutchet dets Crapes
-
L'Arre de Soum Couy
-
La Croix du Berger
-
Croix des Contrebandiers
-
Davancens
-
Domecq
-
Fontaine Dorbe
-
Source de l'Ermite
-
Cabane d'Escuret de Bas
-
Cabanes d'Escuret
-
Esperabens
-
Pas des Estes
-
Estournès
-
Estratte
-
Cabane de Féas
-
Pont du Fort
-
Frinchaboy
-
Gabarrat
-
Col de Garbas
-
Gesta
-
Goaillardeu
-
Guilhers (Sheds and fountain)
-
Guren
-
Cap de Gurré (ruins)
-
Handu
-
Source d'Harrigagna
-
Hondagneu
-
Grange Hondagneu
-
Houillis
-
Houndane (spring)
-
Pont du Hourat
-
Houratate
-
Hourcate
-
Hournères
-
Hum
-
Borde de Hum
-
Ibarry - Coigt de Hecore
-
Granges d'Irasts
-
Coume d'Issaux
-
Cabane d'Issort
-
Jantet
-
Labarthe
-
Labatrère
-
Cabanes de Labays
-
Col de Labays (1,351m)
-
Laborde
-
Laclouque
-
Lacoume
-
Laculère
-
Lagarde
-
Lagaretche
-
Lagrave
-
Lahore
-
Pas de Lamayou
-
Lancy
-
Lapeyre
-
Coume de Larrayet
-
Larricq
-
Croix de Larricq
-
Le pont Larron
-
Camp de Larruga
-
Lassalle
-
Bois de Lèche
-
Lèchéko Zingla
-
Légorre d'Ibarry
-
Lembeyou
-
Gouffre Lépineux
-
Mail de Lerre
-
Létone
-
Pas de la Leugue
-
Libarde
-
Col de Lie (601m)
-
Lilles
-
Longis
-
Lourdios d'Arette
-
La Lousère
-
Lucq
-
Col de Mahourat
-
Le Mail blanc
-
Les Malices
-
Cayolar de Mantchola or Cabane d'Etchébar
-
Pas de Massaré
-
Massaugues
-
Coume Mayou
-
Maysou
-
Mesplou
-
Bois de Métouret
-
Mirassou
-
Mirassou Bas
-
Mirassou Haut
-
Moulia
-
La Mouline
-
Moura
-
Nario
-
Nouqué
-
Noutary
-
Noye
-
Oron
-
Cabane d'Oumarre
-
Bois de l'Oumbre-del-Hourcq
-
Gouffre de l'Ours
-
Pagnon
-
Pédaing
-
Pélou
-
Les Pernes
-
Cabane de la Pernotte (ruins)
-
Pescamou
-
Borde des Peyres
-
Peyret
-
Arette La Pierre Saint-Martin
-
Col de la Pierre St Martin
-
L'Arre Planère
-
Pouey
-
Poursuca
-
Le Pourtet
-
Prat
-
Granges de Prat
-
La Puyade
-
Rachet
-
Roucam
-
Pène Rouye
-
Sainte-Gracie
-
Saint-Marty
-
Salanove
-
Salet
-
Salies
-
Sarrelangue
-
Saudiat
-
Plateau de Séguitte
-
Pas de Single
-
Bois de Soudet
-
Cabanes de Soudet
-
Soulaing
-
Soubies
-
Soubirou
-
Soulé
-
Borde de Soulé
-
Sous Pène
-
Superville
-
Col de Suscousse
-
Talou
-
Talou d'Arnaune
-
Talou de Bouc
-
Tamarpouey
-
Tapie
-
Col de Taules
-
Braca de Termy
-
Le Terrail
-
Gouffre La Tête Sauvage
-
Tourette
-
Tourumy (harnessed spring)
-
Col de Tremeil
-
Camp d'Urdette
-
Zélukobortha (chasm)
Neighbouring communes and villages
Toponymy
The commune name in
Bearnese dialect is
Arèta (according to the classical norm of
Occitan language). The name comes from the Basque
ar- meaning "stone" and from the locative suffix
-eta meaning "stony place".
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
|
|
| Village |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Farm and a Mill on the Vert d'Arette |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Mountain on the Spanish border |
| |
| A stream rising in Arette and which joins the Vert at Aramits |
| |
| |
| Stream rising in Arette, tributary of the Vert |
| |
| Farm |
| |
| |
| Mountain Pass |
| |
| Wood |
| |
| Stream rising in Arette, a tributary of the Vert |
| |
| Mountain |
| |
| Mountain |
| |
| Farm |
| |
| |
| |
| Pass between the communes of Arette and Lanne-en-Barétous |
| |
| Wood between the communes of Arette and Lées-Athas |
| |
| Stream rising in Arette and joining the Chousse |
| |
| Wood |
| |
| Bridge named after the former name of the Vert d'Arette: Larron |
| |
| Mountain and Wood |
| |
| Mountain |
| |
| Stream delineating the border between Arette and Sainte-Engrâce before joining the Uhaïtxa |
| |
| Mountain Pass. A stream of the same name rises at the pass and joins the Vert d'Arette in Arette |
| |
| Mountain |
| |
| Stream, tributary of the Chousse |
| |
| Mountain and Pass on the Spanish frontier |
| |
| Assembly place for the inhabitants of the Barétous Valley in France and Roncal in Spain |
| |
| Mountain on the Spanish border extending to Arette and Lées-Athas |
| |
| Mountain Pass |
| |
| Mountain between Arette and Osse-en-Aspe and a stream, tributary of the Lourdios |
| |
| Stream that flows through Arette and joins the Vert |
| |
| Farm |
| |
| |
| Stream rising in Arette and joining the Uhaïtxa at Sainte-Engrâce |
| |
| Mountain across Arette and Lanne-en-Barétous |
| |
Sources:
Origins:
-
Barcelona: Titles of Barcelona.
[Cited by Pierre de Marca, History of Béarn]
-
Luntz:
[Contracts retained by Luntz, Notary of Béarn in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
-
Census: Census of Béarn
[Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
-
Barétous: Titles of the Valley of Barétous
-
Cour Major: Regulations of the Cour Major
[Cour Majour of Béarn, register manuscripts from the 15th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
-
Reformation: Reformation of Béarn
[Manuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
-
Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of Oloron
[Manuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
-
Notaries: Notaries of Oloron
[Notaries of Oloron in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
-
Regulation: Regulation of Arette
[Communal Archives ]
History
In 1385 there were 87
feu fiscal in Arette and it depended on the Bailiwick of Oloron.
On 13 August 1967 the village of Arette was 80% destroyed by an earthquake that killed one person. The ruined clock tower of the church indicated the exact time of the earthquake: 11:10 p.m. Seismic waves were felt from Pau to Tarbes and Bayonne.[ Photographs of Arette after the earthquake ]
Heraldry
Administration
List of Successive Mayors[ List of Mayors of France ]
|
|
| Ignace Camou |
| Jean Lasalle |
| Pierre Hum |
| Jean-Pierre Salet |
| Jean Carrère |
| Pierre Camgros |
| Étienne Superville |
| Jean-François Sérée |
| Pierre-Joseph Castéran |
| Jean-François Sérée |
| Philippe Salies |
| Charles-Henri Fischer |
| Jean Bergé |
| Charles-Henri Fischer |
| Emmanuel Salet |
| François Dabancens |
| Charles-Henri Fischer |
| Jean-Baptiste Labourdette |
| Vincent Lagrave |
| Bernard Trébucq |
| Pierre Casabonne |
- Mayors from 1942
Inter-communality
Arette is part of six inter-communal structures:
-
the Communauté de communes du Haut Béarn;
-
the SIVU La Verna;
-
the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
-
the inter-communal association for study and management of the Drainage basin of the Vert and its tributaries;
-
the joint association for la Pierre Saint-Martin;
-
the joint association for Haut-Béarn.
Twinning
Arette has twinning associations with:
[ National Commission for Decentralised cooperation ]
-
Isaba (Spain) since 1977.
-
Roncal (Spain) since 1991.
Demography
In 2017 the commune had 1,057 inhabitants.
Distribution of Age Groups
The population of the town is relatively old.
Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Arette and Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in 2017
|
|
|
| 15.0 |
| 14.3 |
| 17.5 |
| 20.6 |
| 18.6 |
| 11.7 |
| 2.4 |
Source: INSEE
[ Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Arette (64040)][ Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Département des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64)]
Economy
The economy of the commune is primarily oriented toward agriculture and livestock (cattle and sheep) and logging. The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of
Ossau-iraty.
Culture and Heritage
Civil heritage
The Barétous Museum is located in the commune. It features permanent collections on pastoralism and the
Junta Roncal or "Tribute of the Three Cows".
Religious heritage
The former
Lay Abbey (17th century) is registered as an historical monument.
[Ministry of Culture, Mérimée ]
The Arette Church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
-
A Chandelier (18th century)
[Ministry of Culture, Palissy ]
-
An Altar and Retable (18th century)
[Ministry of Culture, Palissy ]
-
An Eagle-Lectern (15th century)
[Ministry of Culture, Palissy ]
-
A Statue: Virgin and child (16th century)
[Ministry of Culture, Palissy ]
Environmental heritage
-
The Soum de Liorry (1,012m)
-
The Biscarroules Peak (1,017m)
-
The Sudou Peak (1,167m)
-
The Légorre Peak(1,359m)
-
The Soum de Soudet(1,542m)
-
The Guilhers Peak(1,597m)
-
The Soum de Leche (1,839m)
-
The Arlas Peak (2,044m)
-
The Arres d'Anie(2,120m)
There is an arboretum in the east of the commune.
===Arette Picture Gallery===
Facilities
Education
Arette has a public college: the College of Arette Barétous
[ College of Arette website ] and a primary school.
Sports and sports facilities
The
Basque pelota Club trains on the village fronton.
The town is located on the route of the 16th stage of the Tour de France 2007 which took place on 25 July. On Bastille Day 2015 the Tour will pass through the town again. 218 km route linked Orthez to Gourette.
The Hill-climbing event, organized since 1984, is listed as a championship of France.
Notable people linked to the commune
-
Jacques I d'Arette de Béarn-Bonasse, baptized around 1600 in Béarn and died in 1666 in Saint-Castin, was a lord of Bonasse and lay abbot of Arette.
-
Henri Pellisson , Félibrige and member of the Escole Gastoû Febus affiliated to Félibrige (1846-1912), first at the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals (Academy of Floral Games) of Toulouse in 1898 for his poem Notre Dame de Sarrance.
-
Renée Massip, born in 1907 at Arette and died in Paris in 2002, he was a French writer, winner of the Prix Interallié in 1963.
-
Pierre Aristouy born on 18 October 1920 at Arette and died on 20 April 1974. A former French rugby union player who played with the French team and in the Section Paloise in the position of second line or prop.
-
Paul Ambille, born in 1930 at Béziers and died in 2010 in Arette, was a French painter.
-
Nelson Paillou, president of the CNOSF (French Olympic Committee) lived in Arette.
-
Marie Bourdet Well known cheese farmer in Southern France; Sonoma Valley communities
See also
-
Col de la Pierre St Martin
-
GR 10 footpath
-
Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
External links
