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Uelzen (; Eduard Kück: Lüneburger Wörterbuch. Wortschatz der Lüneburger Heide und ihrer Randgebiete, seit 1900 zusammen mit vielen Mitarbeitern gesammelt und sprachwissenschaftlich sowie volkskundlich erläutert von Professor Dr. Eduard Kück. Dritter Band: S–Z. Neumünster: Karl Wachholtz 1967), officially the Hanseatic City of Uelzen (), is a town in northeast Lower Saxony, Germany, and capital of the district of Uelzen. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, a Hanseatic town and an independent municipality.
Uelzen is characterised by timber-framed architecture and also has some striking examples of North German brick Gothic. The town earned pan-regional fame when Friedensreich Hundertwasser was selected to redesign the railway station: the final work of the celebrated Viennese artist and architect was ceremonially opened in 2000 as the Uelzen station, and remains a popular tourism destination.
The Polabian name for Uelzen is Wilcaus (spelled Wiltzaus in older German reference material), possibly derived from wilca or wilsa (< Slavic Languages *olăša) 'alder'.
While Uelzen only played a small role in the Hanseatic League, there is evidence that it traded with Livonia and Spain. At the Schnellenmarket, a London trading office purchased Uelzener linen, earthenware pitchers were offered for sale and Brewing business flourished. On 21 October 1470, Uelzen was the venue for a Hanseatic League Convention. This was a special honor, as these annual resolutions of the association of cities usually took place in Lübeck.
The town became part of the Electorate of Hanover in 1708, the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, and the Province of Hanover in 1866.
Uelzen was the site of a Nazi concentration camp that operated in Uelzen until 17 April 1945. The camp was a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.The camp is listed as No. 1491 Uelzen in the official German list.
Uelzen was hit by five air raids during World War II, on 18 April 1944, 10 November 1944, 27 November 1944, 22 February 1945 and 7 April 1945. Across these raids, 1362 buildings were destroyed or damaged. The heaviest raid was on 22 February 1945 when 149 people lost their lives and 95 houses were completely destroyed. On 7 April 1944, three civilians were killed and 153 houses were destroyed or damaged. Estimates indicate up to 27% of the town was destroyed at some point during the war.
Furthermore, there are four other places that have the status of "special parishes" ( Sonstige Ortsteile): Borne, Kl. Liedern, Pieperhöfen, and Oldenstadt-West.
The Uelzen weather station has recorded the following extreme values:
The original station was renovated for Expo 2000 following plans by the Austrian artist and architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser. An "environmentally, culturally oriented" station, the station was renamed after the architect as 'Hundertwasser Station, Uelzen'. Today it is one of the town's popular tourist attractions.
Governance
Uelzen belongs to the Bundestag constituency of Celle-Uelzen. In 2009 Henning Otte (CDU) was directly elected, having been on the state list (place 19) since 2005. Kirsten Lühmann (SPD) was elected in 2009 via the state list. In the years 1998, 2002 and 2005 Peter Struck (SPD), former defense minister and chairman of the SPD party in the German Bundestag, was directly elected.
Mayor
Jürgen Markwardt (independent) has been the mayor of Uelzen since 2014, when he was elected with 64.4% of the vote. The deputy mayors are Karsten Jäkel (CDU) and Ariane Schmäschke (The Greens).
Twin towns – sister cities
Uelzen is Sister city with:
Arts and culture
Theatre
Uelzen contains a number of theaters, including the theatre on the Ilmenau, the Jabelmann Events Hall, and the fringe theatre on the Rosenmauer.
Museums
Worthy of mention is the Holdenstedt Castle Museum which is the town's local history museum. Permanent exhibitions include furniture from the Middle Ages, a glass collection, artwork by painter Georg Wolf, and archaeological finds from the local area.
Economy
The largest sugar beet refinery in the Nordzucker group is in Uelzen. It processes approximately 20,000 tons of sugar beet per day. Other large employers in the town are Nestlé Schöller or the dairy manufacturer Uelzena. Bituminous roofing felts and insulation material has been manufactured in Uelzen by C. Hasse & Sohn since 1872.
Infrastructure
Railway station
The Hundertwasserbahnhof is a railway station in Uelzen at the eastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath Nature Park in northeastern Lower Saxony. Cities directly reachable by rail from this hub are Hamburg, Hannover, Lüneburg, Celle, Braunschweig, Bremen and Berlin.
Courts
Uelzen has a district court ( Amtsgericht), which belongs to the state court region of Lüneburg and the Oberlandesgericht (High State Court) region of Celle.
Education
Schools in Uelzen include the Herzog-Ernst-Gymnasium, Lessing-Gymnasium, Oberschule-Uelzen, Lucas-Backmeister-Schule, Sternschule, Berufsbildene Schulen I and II and 6 elementary schools.
Health and medicine
Uelzen has one hospital ( HELIOS Klinikum), two clinics that specialise in different areas ( Klinik Veerßen and Psychiatrische Klinik Uelzen) and some pharmacies and dentists.
Notable people
Sport
See also
Notes
External links
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