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Tyvek () is a of synthetic high-density polyethylene . The name Tyvek is a registered trademark of the American multinational chemical company , which discovered and commercialized Tyvek in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Tyvek's properties—such as being difficult to tear but easily cut, and waterproof against liquids while allowing to penetrate—have led to it being used in a variety of applications. Tyvek is often used as , a synthetic material used to protect buildings during construction, or as (PPE).


History
Tyvek is a product consisting of spun bond . It was first discovered in 1955 by a researcher for the DuPont company working in an experimental lab, who noticed a type of white fluff coming out of a pipe. That fluff was a form of , which DuPont requested a patent for within a year of the discovery. After improved during the next few years, in 1959 DuPont discovered that when the fluff was spun at high speeds it produced a durable that could be cut with a blade. While the product Tyvek was used since 1959, DuPont did not trademark the actual brand until 1965, making it available for commercial purposes in April 1967. By 1970, Tyvek had reached the mainstream industry on both a national and global scale. Its products were often used for the construction of houses due to its ability to keep out liquid, while allowing vapor through. In 1972, DuPont released Tyvek packaging for sterile instruments that were to be used by and in the medical field.


21st century
DuPont currently Tyvek at the Spruance plant in Richmond, Virginia, and in -, . In 2018, the company announced plans to expand the Tyvek production capacity of the Sandweiler-Contern factory.


Scientific characteristics and properties

Adhesion and bonding
To bond Tyvek to both itself and a variety of substrates, DuPont recommends , , , and over most synthetic-based adhesives, emphasizing the effectiveness of water-based and quick-drying glues. DuPont also claims that the following are highly effective:

can be used to melt Tyvek and cause it to bond to itself, but this form of bonding tends to create puckers in the otherwise flat material. bonding can be effective in some circumstances, as is ultrasonic welding.


Recycling
Though Tyvek superficially resembles paper (for example, it can be written and printed on), it is , and it cannot be with paper. Some Tyvek products are marked with the #2 resin-code for , and can be collected with as part of some municipal curbside recycling programs. DuPont runs a program in the United States where disposable clothing, coveralls, lab coats, medical packaging and other non-hazardous Tyvek disposable garments can be recycled, as well as providing a mail-in recycling program for envelopes.

As plastic bag recycling has become more prevalent in the United States, the American Chemistry Council has recommended that plastic film drop-off recycling locations should be able to accept Tyvek.


Properties of Tyvek
According to DuPont's website, Tyvek fibers are (compared to for a human hair). The nondirectional fibers (plexifilaments) are first spun and then bonded by heat and pressure, without binders.

Tyvek is also:

  • Lightweight
  • Has a Class 1 rating. "When exposed to a flame, Tyvek (R) shrinks away rapidly. If the flame is made to follow the shrinking sheet, Tyvek (R) will melt at 275 F (135 C)" "DuPont™ Tyvek® CommercialWrap" Product Information Sheet."Material Safety Data Sheet TYVEK (R) SPUNBONDED OLEFIN (ALL STYLES)", DuPont Australia. and will burn at 750°F (400°C)
  • Chemical-resistant
  • Dimensionally stabilized
  • Opaque
  • Has a neutral pH
  • Tear-resistant


Uses

Construction/engineering
  • Large sheets of Tyvek are frequently used as to provide an air barrier between the outer cladding of a structure and the frame, insulation, etc., allowing water vapor to pass but restricting air infiltration.DuPont: Tyvek Weatherization Systems archive Pdf
  • During the latter years of the program Tyvek was used to cover and protect the Reaction Control System (RCS) thruster ports from water and debris while the shuttle stack was exposed on the launchpad. The Tyvek covers were dislodged shortly after ignition and before the shuttle cleared the tower, posing no strike risk as the shuttle was travelling below .
  • Tom Sachs used Tyvek for the outer shell of the spacesuits used in his Space Program series of artworks.


Shipping
  • Tyvek is used by the United States Postal Service for some of its Priority Mail and Express Mail .
  • also uses it for some of its document envelopes.


Government use
  • New Zealand used Tyvek for its driver's licences from 1986 to 1999.


Banknotes


Fashion/personal use
  • Race bibs, or race numbers are often produced on Tyvek paper, so they are less likely to rip during competition.
  • Tyvek is often used in garment and other textile labeling due to high durability and washability.
  • Tyvek are used at , conventions, and like events where age-restricted admission and/or security are concerns, as well more generally at as hospitals, resorts, nightclubs, schools, and reunions.
  • In 2011, fashion retailer and manufacturer included white Tyvek as part of its range.
  • In 1976, fashion house made an entire collection out of Tyvek.
  • The ultralight backpacking community has begun to use Tyvek for the construction of extremely light yet durable backpacks and tarps. In 2012, The Open Company released a foldable city map made of one of the stiffer variants of Tyvek.
  • Increasingly, reused Tyvek material is being used by home crafters. Protective sleeves for CDs and , tote bags, and wallets also use Tyvek-containing materials.
  • Tyvek is also used as a durable fabric in shoes.


Medical
  • Tyvek is extensively used for laboratory and medical packaging as the material withstands conditions such as irradiation or gas which are used to sterilize equipment and surgical devices.
  • , Australia uses Tyvek overalls to preserve the integrity of forensic evidence at a crime scene, while also protecting "the wearer from the risk of exposure to biological substances, dirt and liquid splashes."


Personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Tyvek are one-piece garments used for personal protective equipment. They are usually white, commonly worn by mechanics, oil industry workers, painters, insulation installers, and laboratory and workers where disposable, one-time use is needed. They are also used for some light applications, such as and work, but do not provide the protection of a full . Tychem is a sub-brand of Tyvek rated for a higher level of liquid , especially from chemicals. DuPont makes Tyvek clothing in different styles from and aprons to complete head-to-toe coveralls with hoods and booties. The latter was notably used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force as emergency limited gear during the Fukushima nuclear incident. Boosting SDF's Nuclear Accident Response Capabilities . Japan Security Watch. July 13th 2011. Accessed 11th October 2014.
  • Tyvek coveralls, coats or bodysuits are often used during pandemics, for example in the 2013–2016 Western African Ebola virus epidemic, and in the COVID-19 pandemic, to protect health care workers from infection. The Tyvek suits which are most frequently used during the COVID-19 pandemic are sold between $5-$15 USD per piece. Due to a lack of sufficient stock of adequate PPE during the coronavirus crisis, Tyvek PPE became scarce in many places. Tyvek bodysuits are generally meant for one-time use. However, Tychem suits contaminated with the virus SARS-CoV-2 can be disinfected and reused a limited number of times.


See also
  • (for brand names of related fabrics)
  • High-density polyethylene for material
  • for manufacturing process


External links

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