In
Persian language,
Turkic languages, Hindustani and
Punjabi language, the word
takhallus (from
Arabic تخلّص, ;
[ A Brief History of Persian Literature, by the Iran Chamber Society.] ; ; ; , ) means a
pen name.
Pen names were widely adopted by Persian, Turkic, Urdu and Punjabi poets.
The takhallus is often included in the maqta', the last couplet ( bayt) of a ghazal.
History
While
ghazal originated in Arabia evolving from
qasida, some of the common features of contemporary
ghazal, such as including the
takhallus in the
maqta, the concept of
matla', etc., did not exist in Arabic
ghazal. It was Persian
ghazal which added these features.
Common takhalluses
List of
takhalluses of some
Persian poets:
List of takhalluses of some Urdu poets:
-
Faiz – Faiz Ahmed Faiz
-
Fani — Fani Badayuni, Shaukat Ali Khan
-
Ghalib – Ghalib
-
Hali – Altaf Hussain Hali, Altaf Hussain
-
Jigar - Jigar Moradabadi, Sikander Ali Moradabadi
-
Kaki - Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar
-
Mir - Mir Taqi Mir, Mir Muhammad Taqi
-
Zafar - Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bahadur Shah II
See also
-
List of Persian poets
-
List of Azerbaijani-language poets
-
List of Urdu-language poets
External links
