Scholae () is a Latin word, literally meaning "schools" (from the singular schola, Roman school or group) that was used in the Late Roman Empire to signify a unit of Imperial Guards. The unit survived in the Byzantine Empire until the 12th century. Michel Rouche succinctly traced the word's development, especially in the West: "The term schola, which once referred to the imperial guard, came to be applied in turn to a train of warrior-servants who waited on the king, to the group of clergymen who waited on the bishop, to the monks of a monastery, and ultimately to a choral society; it did not mean 'school' before the ninth century."[Rouche, "Private life conquers state and society", in Paul Veyne, ed. A History of Private Life: I. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium (Harvard University Press) 1987:429.]
The imperial Scholae
While the singular
schola still was used to refer to learning of singing and a mode of writing, the plural had an independent meaning. Next to the old kind of school, the Scholae Palatinae, established by Constantine the Great as a replacement to the
Praetorian Guard, was the training center of the imperial palace guard. It remained based at Constantinople, eventually declining to a purely ceremonial role. However, in the 8th century, the
Scholae were reformed into one of the elite
cataphract Tagmata regiments, and continued to serve until the reign of Alexios I Komnenos.
Ecclesiastical scholae
In Christianity, a
choralschola is a
church choir that sings
plainsong. Also, the
of
notarii (
Notary public) called themselves one schola, or different scholae. In the 4th century, Pope Sylvester I (died 335) was said to have founded the schola cantorum, reformed by Pope Gregory (died 604), but there was an oral tradition until the written proof for the foundation of this
schola from the 8th century.
Ancient Greek "Σχολαί"
Plural of the Ancient
Greek language word "σχολή" (from which its Latin counterpart "Scholae" derives), meaning: 'rest, leisure' (Pi., lA), '(learned) conversation, lecture' (PI., Arist.), 'place of lecture, auditorium, school' (Arist.).
[ "Etymological Dictionary of Greek", Robert Beekes (Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden-Boston, 2010), p.745 ]
See also
Not related to scholae:
-
Non scholae, sed vitae discimus
Notes
Sources
-
V. H. Galbraith, An Introduction to the Use of the Public Records (1934)
-
V. H. Galbraith, Studies in the Public Records (1948)
