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Protocyanin is an anthocyanin pigment that is responsible for the red colouration of , but in is blue. The pigment was first isolated in 1913 from the blue cornflower ( Centaurea cyanus), and the identical pigment was isolated from a red rose in 1915. The difference in colour had been explained as a difference in flower-petal pH, but the pigment in the blue cornflower has been shown to be a supermolecular pigment consisting of anthocyanin, flavone, one ferric ion, one magnesium and two calcium ions forming a copigmentation complex.
The molecular formula of protocyanin complex is of the type of C366H384O228FeMg.
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