Grooming (also called preening) is the art and practice of cleaning and maintaining parts of the body. It is a species-typical behavior.
In animals
Individual
regularly clean themselves and put their fur, feathers or other
skin coverings in good order. This activity is known as personal grooming, a form of
hygiene. Extracting
foreign body such as
, leaves,
soil, twigs and parasites
is a form of grooming. Among animals,
spend considerable time
preening their
. This is done to remove
, keep the feathers in good aerodynamic condition, and waterproof them. To do that, they use the
preen oil secreted by the
uropygial gland, the dust of
powder down, or other means such as dust-bathing or anting. During
, animal conservationists that rescue
sometimes dress them in
Penguin sweater to stop them from preening and thereby ingesting the
mineral oil, which is poisonous. Monkeys may also pick out nits from their fur or scratch their rears to keep themselves clean.
Felidae are well known for their extensive grooming. Cats groom so often that they often produce
from the fur they ingest.
Many mammal species also groom their genitals after copulation.
Grooming as a social activity
Many
adapt preening and grooming behaviors for other social purposes such as bonding and the strengthening of
. Grooming plays a particularly important role in forming social bonds in many primate species, such as
and wedge-capped capuchins.
Mutual grooming in human relationships
In humankind, mutual grooming relates closely to
social grooming, which is defined as the process by which human beings fulfill one of their basic instincts, such as socializing, cooperating and learning from each other.
[Casse, Pierre. (2008-10-14) Social Grooming – A new side to leadership? Dean, Berlin School of Creative Leadership. Retrieved on 2010-09-08]
In research conducted by Holly Nelson (from the University of New Hampshire), individuals who chose their romantic partner reported more mutual grooming than others who focused in other types of relationships. Hence, this study hypothesized that mutual grooming related to relationship satisfaction, trust and previous experience of affection within the family. They claim that even though humans do not groom each other with the same fervor that other species do, they are groomers par excellence. Therefore, human mutual grooming plays an important role in
.
In the same investigation, researchers found that individuals with more promiscuous attitudes and those who scored high on the anxiety sub-scale on an adult attachment style measure tend to groom their partners more frequently. These findings were also consistent with some of the functions of grooming: potential parental indicator, developing trust and courtship or flirtation.
[
Nelson, Holly and Geher, Glenn. (2007-09-15) Mutual Grooming in Human Dyadic Relationships: An Ethological Perspective Springer Link. Retrieved on 2010-09-08
]
A recent empirical study by Seinenu Thein-Lemelson (University of California, Berkeley) utilized an ethological approach to examine cross-cultural differences in human grooming as it pertains to caregiving behaviors. Naturalistic data was collected through video focal follows with children during routine activities and then coded for grooming behaviors. This cross-cultural comparison of urban families in Burma and the United States indicates that there are significant cross-cultural differences in rates of caregiver-to-child grooming. Burmese caregivers in the sample groomed children more often than caregivers in the United States. Additionally, children in the United States have short instances of concentrated grooming predominantly during daily activities that are structured explicitly around hygiene goals (bath time), in contrast to the Burmese child, whose grooming is distributed more evenly within and across daily activities. The Burmese parents maintained a constant vigilance with regard to risk of infection. The study is significant because it is the only study of human grooming to utilize naturalistic data.
== Gallery ==
grooming]]
grooming]]
preening]]
preening its feathers]]
cleans itself in moving water while a
mallard preens in the background.]]
uses its legs to clean and maintain itself.]]
grooming herself]]
preening]]
See also
-
Comfort behaviour in animals
-
Courtship display
-
Dust bathing
-
Self-anointing in animals
External links
