Product Code Database
An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance, flavoring or flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. For an individual chemical or class of chemical compounds to impart a smell or fragrance, it must be sufficiently volatile for transmission via the air to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose. As examples, various fragrant fruits have diverse aroma compounds, particularly strawberries which are plant breeding to have appealing aromas, and contain several hundred aroma compounds.
Generally, molecules meeting this specification have of less than 310. Flavors affect both the sense of taste and Olfaction, whereas fragrances affect only smell. Flavors tend to be naturally occurring, and the term fragrances may also apply to synthetic compounds, such as those used in cosmetics.
Aroma compounds can naturally be found in various , such as fruits and their peels, wine, spices, floral scent, , , and . For example, many form during the ripening of and other crops. Wines have more than 100 aromas that form as byproducts of fermentation. Also, many of the aroma compounds play a significant role in the production of compounds used in the food service industry to flavor, improve, and generally increase the appeal of their products.
An odorizer may add a detectable odor to a dangerous odorless substance, like propane, natural gas, or Hydrogen odorant, as a safety measure.
| Geranyl acetate | Fruity, Floral | Rose | |
| Methyl formate | Ethereal | ||
| Methyl acetate | Sweet, nail polish Solvent | ||
| Methyl propionate Methyl propanoate | Sweet, fruity, rum-like | ||
| Methyl butyrate Methyl butanoate | Fruity | Apple Pineapple | |
| Ethyl acetate | Sweet, solvent | Wine | |
| Ethyl butyrate Ethyl butanoate | Fruity | Orange, Pineapple | |
| Isoamyl acetate | Fruity, Banana, Pear | Banana plant | |
| Pentyl butyrate Pentyl butanoate | Fruity | Pear Apricot | |
| Pentyl pentanoate | Fruity | Apple | |
| Octyl acetate | Fruity | Orange | |
| Benzyl acetate | Fruity, Strawberry | Strawberries | |
| Methyl anthranilate | Fruity | Grape | |
| Methyl salicylate | Minty, root beer | Wintergreen | |
| Hexyl acetate | Floral, Fruity | Apple, Plum |
| Myrcene | Woody, complex | Verbena, Bay leaf | |
| Geraniol | Rose, flowery | Geranium, Lemon | |
| Nerol | Sweet rose, flowery | Neroli, Lemongrass | |
| Citral, lemonal Geranial, neral | Lemon | Lemon myrtle, Lemongrass | |
| Citronellal | Lemon | Lemongrass | |
| Citronellol | Lemon | Lemongrass, rose Pelargonium | |
| Linalool | Floral, sweet Woody | Coriander, Sweet basil, Lavender, Honeysuckle | |
| Nerolidol | Wood, fresh bark | Neroli, ginger Jasmine | |
| Ocimene | Fruity, Floral | Mango, Curcuma amada |
| Limonene | Orange | Orange, lemon | |
| Camphor | Camphor | Camphor laurel | |
| Menthol | Menthol | Mentha | |
| Carvone1 | Caraway or Spearmint | Caraway, dill, spearmint | |
| Terpineol | Lilac | Lilac, cajuput | |
| Ionone | Violet, woody | Violet | |
| Thujone | Minty | Wormwood, lilac, juniper | |
| Eucalyptol | Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus | |
| Jasmone | spicy, fruity, floral in dilution | Jasmine, Honeysuckle |
Note: Carvone, depending on its chirality, offers two different smells.
| Trimethylamine | Fishy Ammonia | ||
| Putrescine Diaminobutane | Rotting flesh | Rotting flesh | |
| Cadaverine | Rotting flesh | Rotting flesh | |
| Pyridine | Fishy | Belladonna | |
| Indole | Fecal Flowery | Feces Jasmine | |
| Skatole | Fecal Flowery | Feces (diluted) Orange Blossoms |
In , olfactory receptors are gene expression on the surface of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity.
The composition of fragrances is usually not disclosed in the label of the products, hiding the actual chemicals of the formula, which raises concerns among some consumers.Anne C. Steinemann et al., "Fragranced Consumer Products: Chemicals Emitted, Ingredients Unlisted", Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 31, Issue 3, April 2011, pp. 328-333. In the United States, this is because the law regulating cosmetics protects .
In the United States, fragrances are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration if present in cosmetics or drugs, by the Consumer Products Safety Commission if present in consumer products. No pre-market approval is required, except for drugs. Fragrances are also generally regulated by the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 that "grandfathered" existing chemicals without further review or testing and put the burden of proof that a new substance is not safe on the EPA. The EPA, however, does not conduct independent safety testing but relies on data provided by the manufacturer.
A 2019 study of the top-selling found 45% of those marketed as "fragrance-free" contained fragrance.
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