An exudate is a fluid released by an organism through pores or a wound, a process known as exuding or exudation.
Medicine
An exudate is any
fluid that filters from the circulatory system into
or areas of
inflammation. It can be a pus-like or clear fluid. When an injury occurs, leaving skin exposed, it leaks out of the blood vessels and into nearby tissues. The fluid is composed of serum,
fibrin, and leukocytes. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation.
Although blood itself is not an exudate,
some types of exudates contain blood cells.
Types
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Purulent or suppurative exudate consists of plasma with both active and dead neutrophils, fibrinogen, and necrotic parenchymal cells. This kind of exudate is consistent with more severe infections, and is commonly referred to as pus.
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Fibrinous exudate is composed mainly of fibrinogen and fibrin. It is characteristic of Rheumatic fever, but is seen in all severe injuries such as strep throat and bacterial pneumonia. Fibrinous inflammation is often difficult to resolve due to blood vessels growing into the exudate and filling space that was occupied by fibrin. Often, large amounts of antibiotics are necessary for resolution.
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Catarrh is seen in the nose and throat and is characterized by a high content of mucus.
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Serous exudate (sometimes classified as serous transudate) is usually seen in mild inflammation, with relatively low protein.
[Robbins Basic Pathology 7th ed] Its consistency resembles that of serum, and can usually be seen in certain disease states like tuberculosis. (See below for difference between transudate and exudate)
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Malignant (or cancerous) pleural effusion is effusion where are present.
[ About.com > Malignant Pleural Effusion By Lynne Eldridge MD. Updated March 27, 2010] It is usually classified as exudate.
Types of exudates: serous, serosanguineous, sanguineous, hemorrhaging and purulent drainage.
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Serous: Clear straw colored liquid that drains from the wound. This is a normal part of the healing process.
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Serosanguineous: Small amount of blood is present in the drainage; it is pink in color due to the presence of red blood cells mixed with serous drainage. This is a normal part of the healing process.
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Sanguineous: This type of drainage contains red blood due to trauma of blood vessels, this may occur while cleaning the wound. Sanguineous drainage is abnormal.
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Hemorrhaging: This type of drainage contains frank blood from a leaking blood vessel. This will require emergency treatment to control the bleed. This type of drainage is abnormal.
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Purulent drainage: This type of drainage is malodorous and can be yellow, gray, or greenish in color. This is an indication of an infection.
Exudates vs. transudates
There is an important distinction between
transudates and exudates. Transudates are caused by disturbances of hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure, not by inflammation. They have a low protein content in comparison to exudates. Medical distinction between transudates and exudates is through the measurement of the
specific gravity of extracted fluid. Specific gravity is used to measure the protein content of the fluid. The higher the specific gravity, the greater the likelihood of
capillary permeability changes in relation to
body cavity. For example, the specific gravity of the transudate is usually less than 1.012 and a protein content of less than 2 g/100 mL (2 g%).
Rivalta test may be used to differentiate an exudate from a transudate.
It is not clear if there is a distinction in the difference of transudates and exudates in plants.
Plant exudates
Plant exudates include
Plant saps,
Natural gum,
latex,
resin, and kino. Sometimes
nectar is considered an exudate.
Plant seeds exudate a variety of molecules into the
spermosphere,
and
Root mucilage into the
rhizosphere; these exudates include acids, sugars,
polysaccharides and
, and collectively account for 40% of root carbon.
Exudation of these compounds has various benefits to the plant and to the
microorganisms of the rhizosphere.
See also
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Honeydew (secretion)
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Guttation
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Pleural effusion
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Scarless wound healing
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Surfactant leaching
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