A boxcar is the (AAR) and South Australian Railways term for a railroad car that is enclosed and generally used to carry freight. The boxcar, while not the simplest freight car design, is considered one of the most versatile since it can carry most loads. Boxcars have side of varying size and operation, and some include end doors and adjustable bulkheads to load very large items.
Similar covered freight cars outside North America are covered goods wagons and, depending on the region, are called goods van (United Kingdom and Australia), covered wagon (UIC and UK) or simply van (UIC, UK and Australia).
Use
Boxcars can carry most kinds of freight. Originally they were hand-loaded, but in more recent years mechanical assistance such as
have been used to load and empty them faster. Their generalized design is still slower to load and unload than specialized designs of car, and this partially explains the decline in boxcar numbers since World War II. The other cause for this decline is the dramatic shift of waterborne
cargo transport to container shipping. Effectively a boxcar without the wheels and
chassis, a container is designed to be amenable to intermodal freight transport, whether by
,
or
, and can be delivered door-to-door.
Boxcars were used for bulk commodities such as coal, particularly in the Midwestern United States in the early 20th century. This use was sufficiently widespread that several companies developed competing box-car loaders to automate coal loading. By 1905, 350 to 400 such machines were in use, mostly at Midwestern coal mines.
Passenger use
In the
Philippines, Boxcars were used as additional third-class accommodations by the Manila Railway Company during the early 1900s as there was a shortage of true passenger railroad cars.
These problems were considered solved by the 1910s as British manufacturer
Metro-Cammell and American builders such as Harlan and Hollingsworth constructed more passenger cars for the railroad.
In the present day, and have often used boxcars in their journeys (see freighthopping), since they are enclosed and cannot be seen by railroad police, as well as being to some degree insulated from cold weather.
Hicube boxcar
In the 21st century, high cubic capacity (hicube) boxcars have become more common in the US. These are taller than regular boxcars and as such can only run on routes with increased clearance (see loading gauge and
structure gauge). The excess height section of the car end is often painted with a white band to be easily visible if wrongly assigned to a low-clearance line.
The internal height of the hicube boxcars originally used in automotive parts service was generally .
See also
Notes
