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Taxodium Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 is a of one to three (depending on taxonomic opinion) of extremely -tolerant in the cypress family, . The name is derived from the word taxus, meaning "", and the word εἶδος ( eidos), meaning "similar to."

(1982). 9780824072407, Taylor & Francis. .
Within the family, Taxodium is most closely related to ( Glyptostrobus pensilis) and ( Cryptomeria japonica).

Species of Taxodium occur in the southern part of the continent and are in the north and semi-evergreen to in the south. They are large , reaching tall and (exceptionally ) trunk diameter. The needle-like , long, are borne spirally on the shoots, twisted at the base so as to appear in two flat rows on either side of the shoot. The are globose, diameter, with 10–25 scales, each scale with one or two ; they are mature in 7–9 months after , when they disintegrate to release the seeds. The male () cones are produced in pendulous , and shed their pollen in early spring. Taxodium species grow , when growing in or beside water. The function of these knees is currently a subject of ongoing research.


Species
The three extant of Taxodium are treated here as distinct species, though some treat them in just one or two species, with the others considered as varieties of the first described. The three are distinct in , growing in different environments, but hybridise where they meet.
Occurs within the range of bald cypress, but only on the southeastern coastal plain from to . It occurs in still blackwater rivers, ponds and swamps without -rich flood deposits.
Native to much of the southeastern , from to , especially and inland up the Mississippi River to southern . It occurs mainly along rivers with silt-rich flood deposits.
Occurs from the Lower Rio Grande Valley south to the highlands of , and differs from the other two species in being substantially evergreen. A specimen in Santa María del Tule, Oaxaca, the Árbol del Tule, is tall and has the greatest trunk thickness of all trees, in diameter. It is a tree, occurring on the banks of streams and rivers, not in swamps like the bald and pond cypresses.


Formerly placed here
  • Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton ex D.Don) K.Koch (as T. japonicum var. heterophyllum Brongn.)
  • Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl. (as T. sempervirens D.Don)


Uses
The trees are especially prized for their , of which the heartwood is extremely - and -resistant. The heartwood contains a called cypressene, which acts as a natural preservative. It takes decades for cypressene to accumulate in the wood, so lumber taken from old-growth trees is more rot resistant than that from second-growth trees.
(2025). 9780881926071, Timber Press. .
However, age also increases susceptibility to Pecky Rot fungus ( ), which attacks the heartwood and causes some damaged trees to become hollow and thus useless for timber. Bald Cypress wood was much used in former days in the southeastern United States for . The shredded bark of these trees is used as a .


Evolution
In earth's history Taxodium was much more widespread in the Northern Hemisphere than today. The oldest fossils were found in deposits from North America and Asia. The trees persisted in Europe until around 2.5 million years ago, during the .
(2009). 9780881929744, Timber Press.


See also
  • Bükkábrány mummified forest


External links

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