Product Code Database
Example Keywords: ornament -shoe $46
barcode-scavenger
   » » Wiki: Swardspeak
Tag Wiki 'Swardspeak'.
Tag

Swardspeak (also known as salitang bakla (lit. 'gay speak') or "gay lingo") or Bekinese, is an or cant slang derived from (Tagalog-English ) and used by a number of in the .

(2025). 9781405175814, Wiley-Blackwell.


Description
Swardspeak uses elements from , , , and some from Japanese, as well as celebrities' names and trademark brands, giving them new meanings in different contexts. It is largely localized within , making use of words derived from the local languages, including , Hiligaynon, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Waray and Bicolano.


Usage
A defining trait of swardspeak slang is that it more often than not immediately identifies the speaker as homosexual, making it easy for people of that orientation to recognize each other. This creates an exclusive group among its speakers and helps them resist cultural assimilation. More recently, even non-members of the gay community have been known to use this way of speaking, e.g. members of industries with a significant amount of gay workers such as the fashion and film industries.

Swardspeak as a language is constantly changing, with old phrases becoming obsolete and new phrases frequently entering everyday usage, reflecting changes in their culture and also maintaining exclusivity. The dynamic nature of the language refuses to cement itself in a single culture and allows for more freedom of expression among its speakers. Words and phrases can be created to react to popular trends and create alternatives to a strictly defined lifestyle. By these characteristics, swardspeak creates a dissident group without any ties to geographical, linguistic, or cultural restrictions, allowing its speakers to shape the language as they see fit, with relation to current times. In this way, the language is not only "mobile" and part of a larger community, but also open to more specific or local meanings and interpretations.


Origin
The word "swardspeak", according to José Javier Reyes, was coined by columnist and film critic Nestor Torre in the 1970s. Reyes himself wrote a book on the subject entitled Swardspeak: A Preliminary Study. "Sward" is an outdated slang for 'gay male' in the Philippines. The origin of the individual words and phrases, however, has existed longer and come from a variety of sources.


Conventions
Swardspeak is a form of (and therefore highly dynamic, as opposed to ) that is built upon preexisting languages. It deliberately transforms or creates words that resemble words from other languages, particularly , Japanese, , , Portuguese, , and . It is colorful, witty, and humorous, with vocabularies derived from popular culture and regional variations. It is unintelligible to people not familiar with the Filipino gay culture or who do not know the rules of usage. There is no standardized set of rules, but some of the more common conventions are shown below:

  • Replacing the first letter/syllable of words with the letter "J"/"Sh" or the syllables "Jo-"/"Sho-" or "Ju-"/"Shu-".

Jowa (variant : Jowabelle/Jowabels)Asawa (spouse, usually female), , Hiligaynon
Gora (variant : Gorabelle/Gorabels)to go (to a place)English
Shupatembang, Shupated, JupiterKapatíd (sibling)Tagalog
ShungaTangá ()Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon
JulalayAlalay (assistant)Tagalog

  • Replacing the first letter/syllable of words with "Ky-" or "Ny-".

KyotaBatà (child)Tagalog
NyortsShorts
NyormvilleEnglish
KyohoMabahò (stinking)Tagalog

  • Replacing the end syllable of words with "-ash", "-is", "-iz", "-ish", "-itch", "-ech", "-ush", or "-oosh" as a or .

Jotis (a very small amount)Jutay (a small amount), Hiligaynon
Jubis (very fat)obeseEnglish
JombafatEnglish
Taroosh (very bitchy)Taray (bitchy)Tagalog
Baboosh ()Babay/Bye-byePhilippine English
Itech (this)Itó (this)Tagalog
Sinetch (who)Sinó (who)Tagalog
Anech? (what, usually exclamatory)Anó? (what)Tagalog

  • Replacing "a", "o", or "u" sounds with "or", "er", or "ur", especially directly before or after the consonant "l".

Haller/HellerHelloEnglish
KalurkeyKaloka (insanely entertaining, maddening, crazy)Tagalog (from Spanish loca)
GanderGandá (beautiful)Tagalog
WalleyWalâ (nothing)Tagalog

  • Inverting the letter order of a word, similar to Tagalog syllable switching slang. It is predominantly used in swardspeak.

Ilij (no, not)Dili (no, not)Cebuano
Bayu (lover, boyfriend)Uyab (lover)Cebuano
Nial (bad, unpleasant)Lain (bad, unpleasant)Cebuano, Hiligaynon

(to cry, to be sad)CryEnglish
Antibiotic (obnoxious, unpleasant)Antipátika (obnoxious, unpleasant)Tagalog (from antipática)
Liberty (free)Libre (free)Tagalog (from Spanish libre)
Career/Karír ('to take seriously', in the sense of "they turned it into their career", used as a verb, e.g. karirin, "to career", kinareer)CareerEnglish
(to be attracted to someone)Feel (to sympathize)English
Kapé / Capuccino / (to be realistic)'Wake up and smell the coffee.' (a humorous corruption of 'Wake up and smell the roses')Philippine English
Thundercats (old, or the elderly, particularly old gay men)Matandà (old)Tagalog
Chiminey Cricket (housemaid)Deliberate corruption of , Chimáy (Tagalog slang for )Tagalog
Warla (war, fight, quarrel)WarEnglish
Nota (penis)Description as Tagalog
Pocahontas (prostitute)Pokpok (slang for 'prostitute')Tagalog
Pagoda Cold Wave Lotion (tired, exhausted)A locally available brand of cold wave for setting , and pagód (tired, exhausted)Tagalog
Mudra (mother, also used to refer to female friends with children)Madre (mother), Portuguese
Pudra (father, also used to refer to male friends with children)Padre (father), Portuguese
Hammer (prostitute)Pokpok (slang for 'prostitute), Pokpok (onomatopoeic Tagalog word 'to pound', 'to hammer')Tagalog, English
Biyuti/Beyooti (beautiful, pretty)Beauty, word play of Cebuano bayot ('gay')English, Cebuano
Silahis (bisexual male, often flamboyant)Silahis (sunbeam, ray)Tagalog
Boyband (fat kid)A on Tagalog baboy ('pig')Tagalog, English
G.I. Joe (A foreign lover, particularly )Acronym for 'Gentleman Idiot'English
Opposition Party (a with a lot of expected problems)Pun on political oppositionEnglish
Egyptian Airlines ()jeepney, jeep (or dyip in Tagalog)English
Geisha (he is gay)gay siyaEnglish, Tagalog

  • References to popular culture, usually celebrities or TV shows. They can be selected to replace a word in reference to the things they were famous for, simply because parts of the words rhyme, or both.

Julie Andrew (to be caught cheating)Hulì (Tagalog, 'to be caught')'Julie' rhymes with 'Huli', and references the British actress
Gelli de Belén (jealous)JealousGelli de Belen
Winnie Cordero (to win, have won)Win
Luz Valdez (to lose, have lost)Lose
Toy Story (toy, or any other kind of plaything)toy
Julanis Morissette (raining)ulan (Tagalog, 'rain')Alanis Morissette
Jinit Jackson (hot weather)init (Tagalog, 'hot')
Tommy Lee Jones / Tom Jones (hungry)Tom-guts (Tagalog syllable switching slang for gutóm, hungry)Tommy Lee Jones, Tom Jones
Stress Drilon (stress)stress
Haggardo Versoza (haggard)haggard (exhausted, tired)
X-Men (formerly appearing to be heterosexual, , especially from being to effeminate)'Ex-man'
Fayatollah Kumenis (thin)Payát (Tagalog, 'thin')Ayatollah Khomeini
Barbra Streisand (to be rejected bluntly, blocked)Bará (Tagalog, 'to block', including verbally)
Muriah Carrey (cheap)Mura (Tagalog, 'cheap')
Lupita Kashiwahara (cruel)Lupít (Tagalog, 'cruel')Lupita Aquino-Kashiwahara (A film and television director, and sister of assassinated Senator Benigno Aquino Jr.)
Carmi Martin ()Karma
Rita Gómez (irritating, annoying)Nakaka-iritá (Tagalog, 'irritating')
Mahalia Jackson (expensive)Mahál (Tagalog 'expensive', 'precious', 'dear')
Anaconda (traitor, to betray)Ahas (Tagalog slang, 'to betray', literally 'snake')Anaconda (film)
Badinger Z (homosexual)Badíng (Tagalog derogatory slang 'homosexual') (anime)
Taxina Hong Kingston (to wait for a )TaxiMaxine Hong Kingston
Noël Coward (No)NoNoël Coward
Oprah Winfrey (promise)Promise
Sharon Cuneta (yes, sure)Sure
Mag-Sharon (To Sharon)Take home leftover food from parties. Derived from the lines "Balutin mo ako sa liwanag ng iyong pagmamahal" (Wrap me in the light of your love) of Cuneta's single Bituing Walang Ningning.
Jesus Christ SuperstarResurrectionJesus Christ Superstar
Optimus Prime (Fashion makeover, to change into more fashionable clothing)Transformation
Churchill (high society)SosyálWinston Churchill

  • Borrowed words from other languages, particularly long disused Spanish words in the Philippines (which has feminine forms of words preferred in swardspeak that is absent in most Filipino languages), English, and Japanese.

Drama (also means the adjective 'dramatic'), exaggeration, drama queenEnglish
Carry/KeriTo carry oneself, manageableEnglish
Siete PecadosNosy, gossipmongerSpanish, 'seven sins'
Puñeta (also spelt punyeta)General , roughly equivalent to ''Spanish slang, with varying degrees of perceived obscenity. Literally 'in a fist'.
ChiquitoSmallSpanish, 'small'
Coño (also spelt 'konyo')High society, especially affluent socialites who speak exclusivelySpanish slang, 'vagina'
OtokoManly manJapanese, 男 ( otoko)
BerruBeerJapanese, ビール ( bīru)
WatashiMe, IJapanese, 私 ( watashi)


Examples
  • Translation of the traditional Filipino nursery rhyme Ako ay May Lobo (I have a balloon) into swardspeak.

Ako ay may lobo
Lumipád sa langit
Di ko na nakità
Pumutók na palá
Sayang lang ang pera,
Pinambilí ng lobo
Sa pagkain sana,
Nabusóg pa ako.
Aketch ai may lobing
Flylalou sa heaven
Witchels ko na nasightness
Jumutók lang pala
Sayang lang ang anda
Pinang buysung ng lobing
Kung lafangertz sana
Nabusóg pa aketch
I had a balloon
It flew up to the sky
I couldn't see it anymore
Didn't it had popped
Money was just a waste
Buying the balloon
Had I bought food instead
At least I would have been full

  • Translation of the traditional Filipino nursery rhyme Bahay Kubò () into swardspeak.

Bahay kubò, kahit muntî
Ang halaman doón,
Ay sari-sarì
Singkamás, at talóng,
Sigarilyas at manî
Sitaw, bataw, patani
Kundól, patola, upo’t kalabasa
At saka meron pa
Labanós, mustasa
Sibuyas, kamatis, bawang at luya
Sa paligid-ligid
Ay puno ng lingá
Valer kuberch, kahit jutey
Ang julamantrax denchi,
Ay anek-anek.
Nyongkamas at nutring,
Nyogarilyas at kipay.
Nyipay, nyotaw, jutani.
Kundol, fyotola, kyupot jolabastrax
At mega join-join pa
Jobanos, nyustasa,
Nyubuyak, nyomatis, nyowang at luyax
And around the keme
Ay fulnes ng linga.
Nipa hut, though it be small
The plants it houses
Are sundry and all
and eggplant,
and peanut
, , lima bean.
, ,
and ,
And then there is also white , ,
Onion, tomato,
Garlic, and ginger
And all around
Are .


See also
  • Tagalog profanity
  • , a similar dialect in Indonesia
  • , an Afrikaans-based gay argot
  • , a South African gay argot based on the Bantu languages
  • Lavender linguistics
  • LGBT culture in the Philippines
  • , a musical genre from the Philippines often characterized by the use of swardspeak
  • , cant slang used in Britain


Bibliography
  • DV Hart, H Hart. Visayan Swardspeak: The language of a gay community in the Philippines - Crossroads, 1990
  • Manalansan, Martin F. IV. “’Performing’ the Filipino Gay Experiences in America: Linguistic Strategies in a Transnational Context.” Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Language. Ed. William L Leap. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1997. 249–266
  • Manalansan, Martin F. IV. “Global Divas: Filipino Gay Men in the Diaspora”, Duke University Press Books, November 19, 2003.


External links

Page 1 of 1
1
Page 1 of 1
1

Account

Social:
Pages:  ..   .. 
Items:  .. 

Navigation

General: Atom Feed Atom Feed  .. 
Help:  ..   .. 
Category:  ..   .. 
Media:  ..   .. 
Posts:  ..   ..   .. 

Statistics

Page:  .. 
Summary:  .. 
1 Tags
10/10 Page Rank
5 Page Refs