Sambhal (pronounced sə̃bʰəl) is a city located in the Sambhal district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city lies approximately 158 km (98 mi)
History
Sambhal is identified as
Shambhala, a village which is mentioned as the birthplace of
Kalki, the
Dashavatara of
Vishnu, in the
Mahabharata and the Hindu
Purana such as the
Skanda Purana,
Bhavishya Purana and later
Kalki Purana (the city is also home to a "Shri Kalki Vishnu
Mandir").
[ Śambhala, also Sambhala, is the name of a town between the Rathaprā and Ganges rivers, identified by some with Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh. In the Purana, it is named as the place where Kalki, the last incarnation of Vishnu, is to appear (Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899).] This was borrowed into the Buddhist mythology of
Tibetan Buddhism where it is described as a mythological kingdom and a
pure land beyond the
Himalayas from where the future
Maitreya will emerge.
[ Shambhala. Store norske leksikon.] According to
Ibn Battuta, Toghon Temür the last
Yuan dynasty emperor of China had sent an embassy to the Sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq, requesting permission to rebuild a Buddhist temple at Sambhal, which at the time attracted pilgrims from Tibet.
Sambhal has been an urban center for hundreds of years and was a prominent town during the Medieval India. Two legendary battles between Prithviraj Chauhan and Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud are claimed to have taken place here. At the time under local rulers, in the 13th and 14th-centuries it would go on to become a part of the Delhi Sultanate, first under Qutb ud-Din Aibak and later under Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
Later it was a capital of the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate under Sikandar Lodi for four years in the 15th-century. A folio from the Baburnama, depicts an award ceremony in Sultan Ibrahim Lodi's court before an expedition to Sambhal in the early 16th-century. After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate, the city fell to the Mughal Empire under Babur, briefly serving as the capital of the new empire. Babur is also claimed to have built a mosque here which is still extant. The city would later be governed by his son Humayun. After the death of Babur, his domain was divided among his sons, consequently Sambhal was given to Askari Mirza.[Ain-i-Akbari, Vol II, Tr.H.S. Jarrett, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, repr., 1989. p. 295.]
Sambhal district
Demographics
As per provisional reports of the 2011 Census of India, the
population of Sambhal city in 2011 was 221,334, of which 116,008 were male and 105,326 were female. The amount of total literates in Sambhal consist of 92,608 people, of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females. The average literacy rate in Sambhal city is 49.51%, of which male
literacy was 52.27 percent, while female literacy being 46.45%. The sex ratio of Sambhal city is 908 females per 1,000 males and the child sex ratio of girls is 936 per 1,000 boys. The amount of total children (0-6) in Sambhal city constitute 34,279 as per the records of Census India 2011. There were 17,702 boys and 16,577 girls. The children form 15.49% of the total population
Sambhal is a Muslims-majority city in India with approximately 77.67% of the city's population following Islam as their religion. Hinduism is the second most common religion in the city of Sambhal with approximately 22.00% following it, followed by Christianity (0.12%), Sikhism (0.06%), Buddhism (0.03%), and Jainism (0.02%).
As of the 2011 census, 70.75% of the population recorded their language as Urdu and 29.20% as Hindi.
Economy
Sambhal has the largest market of
menthol in South Asia. Most of menthol oil is exported to Western Europe and China.
Education
Sambhal has many schools and Inter colleges for primary and secondary level education affiliated with CBSE, ICSE, the UP Board, and the Madarsa Board.
Degree Colleges
-
Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Post Graduate College
-
Government Degree College Sambhal
UP Board
-
Hind Inter College Sambhal
-
M.N.I. Higher secondary Hatim Sarai SAMBHAL
See also
