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Oton, officially the Municipality of Oton (; , , ), is a municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the , it has a population of people, making it as the most populous town in the province and the entire Panay island. Oton is west of Iloilo City and is part of the Metro Iloilo–Guimaras area.
The town is the second oldest Spanish settlement in the Philippines after Cebu. It was founded in 1572 and later became the capital of the islands of Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Tablas Island, Sibuyan Island, and Romblon.
The arrival of the Spanish in 1566 marked a significant turning point in Oton's history. In 1572, the Spanish formally established and designated Oton as the capital of Alcaldia de Panay, later renamed Provincia de Oton, which covered the islands of Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Tablas Island, Sibuyan Island, and Romblon. Spanish missionaries used Oton as a base to spread Catholicism to neighboring settlements, including Jaro, Iloilo, Tigbauan, Tigbauan, Alimodian, Igbaras, Tubungan, Camando, Miagao, and Tiolas.
Oton played a vital role in the Manila galleon, as new agricultural products from the trade route arrived in the town. Many ships traveling from Cebu would dock in Oton before continuing on to Manila. However, Oton's location made it vulnerable to pirate attacks, prompting the Spanish colonial authorities to relocate the capital a few kilometers away to La Punta, which is now known as Iloilo City Proper, in the 1600s. This move was intended to enhance the town's defense against pirate raids.
In the 21st century, Oton has transitioned from an agricultural town to a growing commercial center, with significant investments, including those by Vista Land.
The Municipality of Oton belongs to the 1st District of Iloilo.
Listed below are the respective population of each barangay as of 2020 census.
Parishes:
Agriculture, particularly rice production and fruit farming, plays a significant role in the economy, supporting local food supply and the livelihoods of many residents. The town also has hotels, resorts, and restaurants.
In 2023, the Municipality of Oton began construction of a ₱52-million “AA” abattoir in Barangay Lambuyao funded by the World Bank-assisted Philippine Rural Development Project.
A major development in Oton owned by Vista Land is covering and stretching from Barangay Polo Maestra Bita to Barangay Abilay Norte. The development also includes a central business district.
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