Microcar is a term often used for the smallest size of ,
Predecessors
Voiturette is a term used by some small cars and tricycles manufactured from 1895 to 1910.
Cyclecars are a type of small, lightweight and inexpensive car manufactured mainly between 1910 and the late 1920s.
Europe 1940–1970: Microcars
The first cars to be described as microcars (earlier equivalents were called voiturettes or cyclecars) were built in the United Kingdom and Germany following World War II, and remained popular until the 1960s. They were originally called minicars, but later became known as microcars.
France also produced large numbers of similar tiny vehicles called , but they were rarely sold abroad.
Characteristics
Microcars have three or four wheels, although most were three-wheelers which, in many countries, meant that they qualified for lower taxes and were licensed as
.
Another common characteristic is an engine displacement of less than ,
although several cars with engines up to have also been classified as microcars.
Often, the engine was originally designed for a motorcycle.
History
Microcars originated in the years following World War II, when
were commonly used.
To provide better weather protection, three-wheeled microcars began increasing in popularity in the United Kingdom, where they could be driven using only a motorcycle licence.
One of the first microcars was the 1949 Bond Minicar.
Microcars also became popular in Europe. A demand for cheap personal motorised transport emerged, and their greater fuel efficiency meant that microcars became even more significant when fuel prices rose, partly due to the Suez Crisis.
The microcar boom lasted until the late 1950s, when larger cars regained popularity.
С-1А.jpg|1952–1958 SeAZ
Messerschmitt Kabinenroller.jpg|1955–1964 Messerschmitt KR200
BMW Isetta - Bad Wörishofen (2015-08-29 3164 b).jpg|1959–1962 BMW Isetta
1965 Peel P50, The World's Smallest Car (Lane Motor Museum).jpg|1962–1965 Peel P50
Bubble cars
Several microcars of the 1950s and 1960s were nicknamed
bubble cars.
This was due to the aircraft-style bubble canopies of vehicles such as the Messerschmitt KR175, Messerschmitt KR200 and the FMR Tg500. Other microcars, such as the
Isetta, also had a bubble-like appearance.
German manufacturers of bubble cars included former military aircraft manufacturers Messerschmitt and Heinkel. BMW manufactured the Italian Iso Rivolta Isetta under licence, using an engine based on one from one of their own motorcycles.
The United Kingdom had licence-built right-hand-drive versions of the Heinkel Kabine and the Isetta. The British version of the Isetta was built with only one rear wheel, instead of the narrow-tracked pair of wheels in the normal Isetta design, in order to take advantage of the three-wheel vehicle laws in the United Kingdom. There were also indigenous British three-wheeled microcars, including the Peel Trident.
Examples include the Citroën Prototype C, FMR Tg500, Fuldamobil, Heinkel Kabine, Isetta, Messerschmitt KR175, Messerschmitt KR200, Peel P50, Peel Trident, SMZ cyclecar, Trojan 200, and Kleinschnittger.
Worldwide 1990–present
Recent microcars include the 2001
Aixam 5xx series,
Renault Twizy, Citroën Ami, and
XEV Yoyo.
Electric-powered microcars which have reached production include the 1974 Citicar and its derivatives, 1987 CityEl, the 1990 Automobiles ERAD Spacia, the 1999 Corbin Sparrow, the 2001 REVAi, the 2005 Commuter Cars Tango, the 2009 Tazzari Zero and the resurrected Peel P50 of 2011 (the original model of 1962 - 65 being petrol powered).
The Smart Fortwo is often called a microcar in the United States;
Squad Solar Car (Fully Charged 2022).jpg|Squad Solar, a Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
TangoSide.jpg|The Commuter Cars Tango, long and wide
Kei cars
In the 1950s, Japanese legislatures created the class of Kei cars, offering reduced taxes for cars below a size limit. At the program's inception in 1955, the limit for engine capacity was below 360 cubic centimeters, with a length of under 126 inches also required. The limits have since increased, with kei cars today allowed to use engines of up to 660 cc and attain a length of 134 inches.
Although most kei cars are designed in Japan, some, such as the
Smart K, are versions of foreign-made cars designed to comply with Japanese regulations.
Quadricycle legislation
The European Union introduced the quadricycle category in 1992. In several European countries since then, microcars are classified by governments separately from normal cars, sometimes using the same regulations as
or
. Therefore, compared with normal cars, microcars often have relaxed requirements for registration and licensing, and can be subject to lower taxes and insurance costs.
Junior cars
Junior cars are motorized cars for children, typically copies of real designs. Originally powered either by electric engines or small internal combustion engines, electric engines currently dominate. From the 1926 Baby Bugatti until today, junior cars are often as expensive as a real car and are built to a higher standard than a ride-in toy car. As with the Bugatti, these are frequently sold directly by real car manufacturers such as Porsche and Ferrari. In the 1990s Aston Martin built a half-scale junior car version of the then-new Aston Martin Virage Volante, with a handmade aluminium body, leather interior, and 160-cc Honda engine. It cost as much as a brand new Mercedes-Benz 190E at the time.
Manufacturers include Pocket Classics, the Little Car Company, Eshelman, and Hackney.
File:Bugatti Type 52 - Ettore Bugatti et ses fils Roland et Jean Bugatti.jpg|Roland and Jean Bugatti in their Baby Bugattis
File:BMW 328 for Junior (25816177934).jpg|Sbarro 328 Baby
Microcar trucks
There are also a variety of microcar trucks, usually of the "forward control" or van style to provide more cargo room. These might be used for local deliveries on narrow streets that are unsuited to larger vehicles. The
Piaggio Ape is a three-wheeled example.
The
Honda Acty is a four-wheeled example.
Microcars by country of origin
See also
Further reading
