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Mehsana (), also spelled Mahesana, is a city and the headquarters of Mehsana district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Established in 14th century, the city was under Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda State from 18th century to the independence of India in 1947. Dairy, oil and natural gas are major industries in the city.
conquered Vadodara and established Baroda State in 1721. Following the third Battle of Panipat, Damaji Rao Gaekwad removed Babi dynasty from Visnagar and conquered Patan in 1766. He expanded their rule in north Gujarat uniting the regions of Visnagar, Vadnagar, Kheralu, Mehsana, Vijapur, Patan and Harij. He established Patan as its administrative headquarters. Later the headquarters was moved to Kadi and subsequently to Mehsana in 1902 when the city was connected by the Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway which was opened on 21 March 1887. Sayajirao Gaekwad III built Rajmahal, a palace in 1904.
Baroda State merged with the Union of India after independence in 1947. It was merged into Bombay State as Mehsana district in 1949. Later it became part of Gujarat in 1960 after the division of Bombay state into Gujarat and Maharashtra. Mehsana is headquarters of Mehsana district in north Gujarat.
Following the merger of Baroda state with Bombay State on 1 August 1949, the city was governed by Bombay District Municipal Act, 1902. From 1 January 1956 to 2024, it was governed under Gujarat Nagar Palika Act, 1963. The formation of the Mehsana Municipal Corporation was approved on 1 January 2025. Total nine adjoining village Panchayati raj: Fatepura, Ramosana, Ramosana NA area, Dediyasan, Palavasna, Heduva Rajgar, Heduva Hanumant, Taleti and Lakhwad; as well as the parts of five village panchayats: Palodar, Panchot, Gilosan, Nugar and Sakhpurda; were merged with Mehsana Nagarpalika to form the Mehsana Municipal Corporation.
Following the formation of the Mehsana Municipal Corporation, the area falling under the city will increase from 32 sqkm to 112 sqkm.
India [[census]], the population of Mehsana was 184,991, of which male and female were 97,440 and 87,551, respectively. Its urban-metropolitan population was 190,753 of which 100,558 were males and 90,195 were females.
Following the formation of the Mehsana Municipal Corporation, the estimated population living in the city as of 2024 will increase from 3,15,619 to 4,26,997.
The sex ratio was 894 females to 1,000 males. Mehsana had an average literacy rate of 84.26%, higher than the national average. Male literacy was 91.88%, and female literacy was 76.12%. 9.4% of Mehsana's population was under 6 years of age.
At 762, Mehsana had the lowest child sex-ratio among the urban centres in India.
| City & outgrowths | 190,753 | 100,558 | 90,195 |
| Literates | 148,851 | 81,647 | 67,204 |
| Children (0–6) | 18,946 | 10,751 | 8,195 |
| Literacy | 89.64% | 94.18% | 84.69% |
| Sex ratio | 899 | ||
| Child sex ratio | 762 | ||
| Hindu | 168,205 | 88.18% |
| Muslims | 17,673 | 9.26% |
| Jain | 3,099 | 1.62% |
| Not stated | 688 | 0.36% |
| Sikh | 525 | 0.28% |
| Christian | 508 | 0.27% |
| Buddhist | 27 | 0.01% |
| Others | 28 | 0.01% |
Other historical monuments include Shrimad Yashovijayji Jain Sanskrit Pathshala, T. J. High School, Kesharbai School and Mehsana district local board office. Dudhsagar Dairy plant is a postmodernist building designed by Achyut Kanvinde.
Simandhar Swami Jain Derasar is a temple located near Modhera crossroads. It is long, broad and high. The central deity ( moolnayak) of the temple is a white idol of Simandhar Swami in lotus position ( padmasana). The temple was established in 1971 under guidance of Jain monk Kailassagarsuri.
There is a temple dedicated to Ayyappa established by the South Indian community and a Gurdwara Sahib established by the Sikh community near the Radhanpur crossroads on State Highway 41.
Christian churches include Mar Gregorios Orthodox Syrian Church.
Sardar Patel Underpass at Modhera Circle on the state highway was built at the cost of and was opened in July 2022. It is -long, the longest Tunnel in state.
As a railway line passes in the middle of the city, the city is divided in the old city (Mehsana-1) and the Highway area (Mehsana-2). These two divisions are connected by two railway underpasses; Gopi Nala and Bhammaria Nala; and a railway overbridge at Visnagar Link Road. The third underpass is approved in 2025 connecting Prajapati Vadi on T B Road and Brahmaninagar which will cost .
The Mehsana District Cooperative Milk Producer's Union, popularly known as Dudhsagar Dairy, is a member of the state-level Amul and the largest dairy in Asia, processing on average 1.41 million kilograms of milk each day. It has established a network for procuring milk from 4,500,000 milk producers through 1,150 village milk cooperatives.
There are many primary and higher-secondary schools affiliated with Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or Gujarat Board including: Kendriya Vidyalaya, ONGC, Mehsana, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV), Vadnagar, Shanku's Divine Child School and N.G. International School. K. V. Mehsana made a beginning in the year 1980 with classes 1 to 10 with two sections each and one section science stream and one commerce stream in Class XI and XII. It is a Hindi, English Medium school. In 2021, 966 students were enrolled. T. J. Highschool operated by Nagrik Kelvani Mandal was established in 1889 and Urban Bank Vidhalaya, Mehsana Gurukul English Medium School started in 2012. Sarvajanik Kelvani Mandal Trust also runs many schools in north Gujarat. Other schools include Sabari Vidya Vihar, run by Dharma Sastha Seva Trust, and Bethany Mission School.
Mehsana is approximately away from Ahmedabad. It is connected to Gandhinagar, Himmatnagar, Patan, Unjha and Palanpur, Visnagar via state highways.
Mehsana Airport is currently used for non-scheduled operation and as a civil aviation training centre, operated by Ahmedabad Aviation and Aeronautics Ltd. It has an area covering .
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