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Manzhouli (s=满洲里; ; ) is a sub-prefectural city in the Hulunbuir prefecture-level city jurisdiction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Located on the border with Russia and also not far from the country of Mongolia, Manzhouli is a major land port of entry. It has an area of and a population of almost 250,000 (in 2010).
In 1901, the China Far East Railway was completed in accordance with the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty of 1896, linking Siberia, Manchuria/northeast China, and the Russian Far East. A settlement then formed around Manchzhuriya Station, the first stop within Manchuria for Russians. It was the beginning of the modern city of Manzhouli and the name of Manzhouli came from Russian language Манжули (Manzhuli).
In 1905, Manzhouli was designated a trading center, greatly boosting Manzhouli's growth. In 1908, the Manzhouli customs post was set up. Under the Republic of China, Manzhouli (under the name Lubin labels=no) came under the jurisdiction of the province of Hsingan. In 1927, Manzhouli was designated as a city. In 1931, Manzhouli came under Japanese control and, with Hsingan and surrounding areas, became part of the Empire of Manchuria, a Japanese puppet state from 1932 to 1945. With the defeat of Japan at the end of World War II, the Chinese government made Manzhouli part of Inner Mongolia in 1946.
In 1992, Manzhouli became one of the first land border cities opened up by the People's Republic of China. It has since experienced a boom as a conduit for the increasing trade between China and Russia. Siberia's black market logging (BBC News, 2008-04-09) It became even more important with the surge in cross-border trade to help ease the effect of Western Bloc sanctions on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine.
In 2017, the Manzhouli Stadium opened. The football stadium has a capacity of 20,153.
Manzhouli is located on the Hulunbuir grasslands. Lake Hulun to its immediate south is the PRC's fifth largest freshwater lake with an area of and an average depth of just .
Manzhouli has a semi-arid climate (Köppen ( BSk), with temperatures in winter capable of plummeting below . However, in each month there is more than 55% of possible sunshine, and over three-fourths of annual precipitation occurs from June to August.
| Subdistricts | |||||
| Dongshan Subdistrict | 东山街道 | Лин чиован балгас | 150621001 | ||
| Nanqu Subdistrict | 南区街道 | Өмнө дугаргийн зээл гудамж | 150621002 | ||
| Beiqu Subdistrict | 北区街道 | Умард дугараг | 150621003 | ||
| Xinghua Subdistrict | 兴华街道 | Шин ухаа зээл гудамж | 150621004 | ||
| Orjin Subdistrict | 敖尔金街道 | Оржин зээл гудамж | 150781012 | ||
| Town | |||||
| Xinkaihe | 新开河镇 | Шин кай ге балгас | 150781100 | ||
Manzhouli Ice & Snow Festival takes place every winter from some time in February to early March. This is a smaller version of the Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival.
There is a replica of the Soviet Union World War II monument, The Motherland Calls.
Trains from Beijing to Moscow on the Trans-Manchurian branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway pass through Manzhouli Railway Station. There are also tourist lines to Chita, Krasnokamensk, Irkutsk, and Ulan Ude.
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