The Magnoliales are an order of . Well-known members of Magnoliales include: , Liriodendron, Annona squamosa, Asimina triloba, , Cananga odorata, Soursop, and nutmeg.
Classification
The Magnoliales include six families:
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Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of , , and ; mostly tropical but some temperate)
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Degeneriaceae (two species of trees found on Pacific islands)
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Eupomatiaceae (three species of trees and shrubs found in New Guinea and eastern Australia)
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Himantandraceae (two species of trees and shrubs, found in tropical areas in Southeast Asia and Australia)
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Magnoliaceae (about 225 species including magnolias and Liriodendron)
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Myristicaceae (several hundred species including nutmeg)
APG system
The
APG system (1998), APG II system (2003), APG III system (2009), and APG IV system (2016) place this order in the clade
magnoliids, circumscribed as follows:
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order Magnoliales
- family Annonaceae
- family Degeneriaceae
- family Eupomatiaceae
- family Himantandraceae
- family Magnoliaceae
- family Myristicaceae
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The current composition and phylogenetics of the Magnoliales. |
In these systems, published by the APG, the Magnoliales are a basal group, excluded from the eudicots.
Earlier systems
The Cronquist system (1981) placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:
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order Magnoliales
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family Annonaceae
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family Austrobaileyaceae
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family Canellaceae
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family Degeneriaceae
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family Eupomatiaceae
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family Himantandraceae
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family Lactoridaceae
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family Magnoliaceae
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family Myristicaceae
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family Winteraceae
The Thorne system (1992) placed the order in superorder Magnolianae, subclass Magnoliidae (= dicotyledons), in the class Magnoliopsida (= angiosperms) and used this circumscription (including the plants placed in order Laurales and Piperales by other systems):
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archychlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:
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order Magnoliales
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family Amborellaceae
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family Annonaceae
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family Austrobaileyaceae
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family Calycanthaceae
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family Canellaceae
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family Cercidiphyllum
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family Degeneriaceae
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family Eupomatiaceae
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family
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family Gomortegaceae
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family Hernandiaceae
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family Himantandraceae
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family Illiciaceae
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family Lauraceae
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family Magnoliaceae
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family Monimiaceae
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family Myristicaceae
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family Schisandraceae
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family Trimeniaceae
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family Tetracentron
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family Trochodendron
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family Winteraceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, did not use this name although it had an order with a similar circumscription with the name Polycarpicae. This was placed in the Dialypetalae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. (See also Sympetalae).
From the above it will be clear that the plants included in this order by APG have always been seen as related. They have always been placed in the order Magnoliales (or a predecessor). The difference is that earlier systems have also included other plants, which have been moved to neighbouring orders (in the magnoliids) by APG.
