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Lappeenranta (; ) is a in and the regional capital of . It is located in the southeastern interior of the country and in the . The population of Lappeenranta is approximately , while the sub-region has a population of approximately . It is the most populous municipality in Finland, and the 11th most populous urban area in the country.

Lappeenranta is located on the shore of , from the Russian border and from the city of . Lappeenranta is one of the most important in the entire Saimaa region, together with the cities of , and . Lappeenranta incorporated the late municipalities of and in 1967, in 1989, in 2009 and Ylämaa in 2010.

Lappeenranta, the region's tourism centre, is the second most visited city in Finland by after and competes with Helsinki for the largest share of tax-free sales in Finland. Lappeenranta is a model for renewable energy and a clean living environment. Lappeenranta was the only Finnish city among the 14 finalists of the international Earth Hour City Challenge 2014 organised by WWF. In 2009, Lappeenranta was ranked fourth in the comparison of the largest Finnish cities, while in the 2008 survey the city was ranked fifth. In a survey conducted among business representatives in 2011, Lappeenranta was ranked 17th among Finnish cities in terms of image.

Lappeenranta Airport, opened in 1918 and located in the city centre, is Finland's oldest operating airport.

Etymology
The name Lappeenranta consists of the of Lappee (the name of the original core town) and the common noun ranta which means "". The harbor was known as Lapvesi ("lap water"). The history of Lappeenranta includes the rural municipality of and the hundred of Lapvesi. The Swedish name Villmanstrand contains the words vildman meaning "wild man" and strand also meaning "shore".
(2020). 9780191905636, Oxford University Press. .
A is depicted on Lappeenranta's coat of arms.

History
The village of Kauskila, located about eight kilometers to the south of downtown Lappeenranta, was among the most significant population centers in South Karelia during the .
(2025). 9789513774684, Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
Kauskila has been continuously inhabited for approximately 2,000 years.
(2025). 9789513774684, Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.

Lappeenranta's original core settlement, Lapvesi, later , was originally formed around a headland jutting into Lake , the site of the present fortress. The public market was established here, which became so important as a trading place that general Governor Count Per Brahe the Younger proposed that the Swedish government should grant town privileges to Lapvesi. The town was chartered in 1649 by Christina of Sweden. At the time, Lapvesi was an important port for .

(2025). 9789513774684, Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.

Between 1721 and 1743, Lappeenranta was the capital of Kymmenegård and Nyslott County and during this period the Swedes built the fortress out in stages.

In 1741, the Battle of Villmanstrand was fought between the Swedish and Russian armies in the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743. The battle ended in a Russian victory. The town was pillaged, wooden structures including the provincial chancellery were burnt and the ecclesiastical archives damaged. The remaining portion of still belonging to Sweden, including Lappeenranta, was ceded by Sweden to per the Treaty of Turku. Following the creation of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809, Old Finland was joined to the Grand Duchy in 1812 as a gesture of goodwill by Alexander I of Russia.

Lappeenranta incorporated the neighbouring municipalities of Lappee and on 1 January 1967, on 1 January 1989, on 1 January 2009, and Ylämaa on 1 January 2010.

Geography
Located on the southern shore of Lake , Lappeenranta's neighboring municipalities on the Finnish side are Imatra, , Luumäki, Miehikkälä, and , and on the Russian side, neighbors include and .

Climate
Lappeenranta has a humid continental climate of the warm-summer type (Köppen: Dfb). The summers are longer, although rarely hot, and usually warm. Some of the warmest summers in the country can be found here, due to its orientation: southern but inland. Being in an eastern part of , the winters are often harsh but still mild compared to areas further east.

Anchorage has some similarities by being of marine influence of hot currents and at the same time of the marginal continentality. But Lappeenranta is still able to receive heat waves that cross in a warmer climate than cool.

Climate changes
Between 2000 and 2017 the temperature change was greater than the whole previous century, with +1.2 °C (higher values than or ). Since 2000 the number of warm days (> 24 °C) has become 2 per year, while the 1900 data indicates only 2 days per decade. From the first half of the twentieth century the days above 24 °C changed from rare to occasional in the second half to regular in the present century. There was also a 17.5 decrease in temperature below −1 °C for the same comparison period. 2015 was the hottest year since 1900, having one of the less than 50 days with freezing days. Work to reduce the temperature increase has been carried out; the city is again among the best 45 cities in the world in the WWF City Challenge 2016. One of the goals is to reduce by 30% by 2020 and zero emissions by 2050. According to the 1961-1990 climate norms, the climate of Lappeenranta was a climate of continental subarctic zone (Köppen: Dfc) closely bordering on the humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb). Compared to decades ago, the total amount of precipitation has also increased somewhat.

Demographics
Population
The city of Lappeenranta has inhabitants, making it the most populous municipality in Finland. The Lappeenranta region has a population of .

Languages
Lappeenranta is a monolingual municipality. , the majority of the population, persons (), spoke Finnish as their first language. In addition, the number of Swedish speakers was persons () of the population. Foreign languages were spoken by of the population. As and are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon.

At least 50 different languages are spoken in Lappeenranta. The most commonly spoken foreign languages are (4.6%), (0.5%), (0.5%) and (0.4%).

Immigration
Population by country of birth (2024)
91.4
3.3
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
3.6
, there were 8,339 persons with a foreign background living in Lappeenranta, or 11% of the population. The number of residents who were born abroad was 7,942, or 11% of the population. The number of persons with foreign citizenship living in Lappeenranta was 5,516. Most foreign-born citizens came from the former , , and .

The relative share of immigrants in Lappeenranta's population is the same as to the national average. Moreover, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.

Religion
In 2023, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 66.8% of the population of Lappeenranta. Other religious groups accounted for 2.6% of the population. 30.5% of the population had no religious affiliation. Key figures on population by region, 1990-2023 Statistics Finland

Economy
The city's main employers Statistics . (In Finnish) The city of Lappeenranta, Retrieved 13 January 2011. are the:

Tourism
Lappeenranta is known as a summer city, mostly due to its closeness to Lake , Europe's 4th largest lake. The eponymous GoSaimaa (www.gosaimaa.com) provides all the touristic activities in the area. In addition, its inland location means that summers tend to be warmer and winters colder than along the coastal areas.

Lappeenranta has a healthy winter tourism industry. Various cabins around Lake Saimaa, as well as numerous snowmobiles, Nordic skating, floating in the river, reindeer rides, paragliding, skiing and sledding tracks draw a fair number of winter visitors. The proximity of the Russian border is increasingly evident in the number of Russian tourists visiting the city. In fact, Lappeenranta is closer to () than it is to , the capital of Finland (). The presence of Russian tourists is noticeable by the many Russian registered cars on the streets and the use of letters in signs of some shops.

Places and events
  • The old fortress, with a number of museums, cafés and the oldest Orthodox church in Finland.
  • St. Mary's Church of Lappee, an 18th-century wooden church in the center of the city.
  • The harbour area, with cruises to and the nearby .
  • The central market place, where you can enjoy the local specialities, such as meat pies known as "Atomi" (atom) or "Vety" (hydrogen).
  • The Night of The Fortess, a two-day cultural festival held in early August.
  • The Lappeenranta Ballet Gala in late August. Lappeenranta Ballet Gala . The city of Lappeenranta, Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  • The annual Lappeenranta National Singing Contest.
  • The biggest sand castle in Finland is built next to Port of Lappeenranta every summer. Sandcastle Lappeenranta . The official homepage of the Lappeenranta sandcastle, Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  • There are three private cinema theatres in Lappeenranta: Kino-Aula, Nuijamies and Finnkino.
  • Major league home games in ice-hockey (SaiPa), basketball (Namika Lappeenranta) and other sports.
  • The IIHF World Championship Under 18, in 2014
  • Unlimited Racing Event, on 27 and 29 June 2014

Sports
Lappeenranta has several sports teams playing in top levels of Finnish sports leagues.

is an team playing in the highest level in Finland, . SaiPa was fourth in the national Ice hockey league in the season of 2013–2014. 2014 IIHF Ice Hockey U18 World Championship - Tournament was played Kisapuisto Ice Hall, Lappeenranta & Imatra Ice Hall during 17–27 April 2014. United States won the tournament, Czech Republic was second and Canada was the third.

Lappeenranta has long been known as one of Finland's cities; Lappeenrannan NMKY is a basketball team playing in the third highest level in I-division B and have won two championships in 2005 and 2006.

NST plays in the and Rajaritarit is an American football team in the .

Lappeenrannan Veiterä, or just Veiterä, plays in and has been Finnish champions five times, including in 2017. They have been the champions for women and for girls born in 1995 and 1998. The city hosted the first ever Women's Bandy World Championship in 2004 and in 2014 the tournament was again played in Lappeenranta. The Old Boys World Cup is annually hosted in town, in 2017 for the seventh time.

In women's sports Catz Lappeenranta plays basketball and Pesä Ysit plays Finnish baseball, both in the top leagues of the nation. Catz has won Finnish national basketball championship four times in a row.

Transport
Lappeenranta is connected to neighbouring cities and municipalities by road. The city is located from Helsinki and from St. Petersburg. From Lappeenranta, the distance to , the capital of , is along Highway 6.

There are multiple daily train departures to destinations within Finland from the Lappeenranta and Joutseno stations and to Russia from Vainikkala station. The Allegro train service operating between Helsinki and St. Petersburg stops in , a village in Lappeenranta. The journey time to Helsinki is about 2 hours and St. Petersburg about 1.5 hours.

During the summer, when and the are accessible by water, there is a visa-free connection by ship from Lappeenranta to , Russia.

The regionally owned Lappeenranta Airport is located west of the city center. The airport predominantly serves charter flights to southern Europe, the and , as well as regularly scheduled flights on Irish airline to .

The public transport is by bus and is called Jouko. Https://lappeenranta.digitransit.fi/), where you can plan a route, see timetables and also see all the Jouko-buses in the map. You can also view delays, exceptions, and other releases. Jouko sub-urban transport is operated by and V-S Bussipalvelut. Regional lines are operated by Kymen Charterline, V-S Bussipalvelut, Vento and Mikkonen. The sub-urban bus fleet consists of low-floor city buses, and the bus models are , Volvo 8900LE, (two of them are ), , Scania Lahti Scala and Volvo 8700LE.

Jouko sub-urban routes
  • 1 University – Sammonlahti – City centre – Lauritsala – Kiiskinmäki
  • 1X University – Sammonlahti – City centre
  • 2 Kivisalmi – City centre – Lauritsala – Hovinpelto (on Sundays via central hospital)
  • 2H Hovinpelto – Lauritsala – Railway station – Leiri – City centre
  • 3 Leiri – Railway station – City centre – Pikisaari – Kariniemi – Kivisalmi
  • 3K Kivisalmi – City centre – Leiri – Kesämäki
  • 3K Kesämäki – Railway station – City centre – Kivisalmi
  • 4 Mäntylä – City centre – Karhuvuori
  • 4 City centre – Karhuvuori
  • 5 University – Sammonlahti – City centre – Railway station
  • 7 Mustola – Lauritsala – City centre
  • 8 Kariniemi – Pikisaari – City centre – Sammonlahti – Ruoholampi – Rutola
  • 12 University – Sammonlahti – City centre
  • 12 Kivisalmi – City centre
  • 12 University – Sammonlahti – City centre – Karhuvuori – Lauritsala – Hovinpelto – Mustola – Kiiskinmäki
  • 12 Kiiskinmäki – Kanavansuu – Lauritsala – City centre – Kivisalmi
  • 14 Mäntylä – City centre – Karhuvuori – Lauritsala – Mustola
  • 21 Vuoksenniska – Sotkulampi – Imatrankoski – Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Central station) –Mustalampi – Vuoksenniska
  • 22 Vuoksenniska – Mustalampi – Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Central station) – Imatrankoski – Sotkulampi – Vuoksenniska
  • 23 Jakola – Imatrankoski – Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Central station) – Sienimäki – Vuoksenniska – Rautio – Huhtanen
  • 24 Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Central station) – Imatrankoski – Meltola – Salo-Issakka – Perä-Meltola – Meltola – Imatrankoski – Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Central station)
  • 25 Imatran Kylpylä (Imatra Spa) – Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Central station) – Saareksiinmäki – Meltola – Imatrankoski

Education
Lappeenranta is known as an international university city in Finland with and LAB University of Applied Sciences which together have approximately 13,000 students from 68 countries. Lappeenranta is also a commercial centre of South-East Finland and the meeting point of the EU and Russia, from both and St. Petersburg.

Lappeenranta has numerous schools at almost all levels of education, including the LUT University, LAB University of Applied Sciences, located in a shared Skinnarila campus of around 8000 students, the Army Academy (branch of the Finnish Defence Forces), South Karelia Vocational College and South Karelia Adult Education Centre.

Notable people

In media
Lappeenranta is the setting for Bordertown, the Finnish police drama broadcast by .

Twin towns – sister cities
Lappeenranta is twinned with:

See also

Notes
External links

: , , , , , , ,
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