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Kladovo (Кладово, ; or Claudia) is a town and municipality located in the Bor District of eastern Serbia. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube river.
Later, Slavs founded a settlement that was named Novi Grad (Нови Град), while Ottoman Empire built a fortress here and called it Fethülislam. The present-day name of Kladovo is first recorded in 1596 in an military document.
There are several theories about the origin of the current name of the town: Website of Kladovo Retrieved July 2, 2022
There is a settlement with the same name in Russia near Moscow and it is believed that this settlement was founded by Serbs who moved there from Serbian Kladovo in the 18th century. One of the suburbs of Berlin also has this name, which originates from the Slavic Lusatian Serbs (Sorbs) who live in eastern Germany.
The name is also found in the Arad County and Timiș counties of Romania, Cladova, in Arad county Cladova, Arad, Cladova in Timiș county Cladova, Timiș
Emperor Trajan had the well-known Trajan's Bridge built nearby and the Roman fort of Pontes fort was built on the Serbian side, Drobeta (castra) on the Romanian side.
In the Middle Ages, Slavs founded here new town named Novi Grad (Нови Град), but it was razed by the Hungarians in 1502. It was rebuilt in 1524 by the Ottoman Empire and received new name: Fethi Islam ( Fethülislam). According to Ottoman traveler, Evliya Çelebi, who visited the town in 1666, most of its inhabitants spoke local Slavic language and Turkish language, while some also spoke Romanian. Званични сајт општине Кладово In 1784, the population of Kladovo numbered 140 Muslims and 50 Christians houses. Званични сајт општине Кладово
From 1929 to 1941, Kladovo was part of the Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
| 17,673 | 85.65% |
| 788 | 3.82% |
| 236 | 1.14% |
| 156 | 0.76% |
| 42 | 0.20% |
| 36 | 0.17% |
| 35 | 0.17% |
| 16 | 0.08% |
| 1,653 | 8.01% |
| 20,635 |
The population of the villages around Kladovo is mostly supported by the family members who work in the countries of western Europe, agriculture is a side activity more than an income-generating one.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):
| 63 |
| 5 |
| 1,302 |
| 443 |
| 71 |
| 73 |
| 809 |
| 129 |
| 305 |
| 77 |
| 33 |
| 2 |
| 82 |
| 98 |
| 252 |
| 290 |
| 460 |
| 30 |
| 68 |
| 139 |
| 4,731 |
Though the river Danube is very polluted by international standards, many people still fish in it. Before the power plant was built, sturgeon caviar from this area was very popular and was exported as a delicacy to the western Europe and the United States. In the 1960s, up to 3 tons of caviar yearly was exported from Kladovo. Record catch from that period is a heavy sturgeon with of the roe in it. However, the records from the past, dated in 1793, report of the sturgeon which had . The specificity of the Caviar of Kladovo was that the roe gets "ripe" enough during the long journey of the fish from the Black Sea upstream the Danube. Also, roe was turned into the caviar using the dry method.
The nearby archeological sites include the remnants of Roman Empire Emperor Trajan's bridge, a Trajan table, remnants of Trajan's road through the Danube's Iron Gates, and the Ancient Rome fortress Diana.
The Trajan's Bridge is located 5 km downstream from Kladovo. It had 20 pillars and was 1,200 m long. Trajan's successor Hadrian partially demolished it to prevent the raids of the Dacians and the bridge was later neglected. The bridge is depicted in a relief on the Trajan's Column in Rome. Until the 16th century, it was the largest bridge ever built. The 20 pillars were still visible in 1856, when the level of the Danube hit a record low. In 1906, the Commission of the Danube decided to destroy two of the pillars that were obstructing navigation. In 1932, there were 16 pillars remaining underwater, but in 1982 only 12 were mapped by archaeologists; the other four had probably been swept away by water. Only the entrance pillars are now visible on either bank of the Danube.
When the artificial Đerdap Lake was formed from 1967-72 as a result of the Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station. The lake inundated the old Roman road along the coast and the only remaining part of the old path is the Tabula Traiana, a Roman memorial plaque, which was elevated for 25 m. The process of lifting the table (4 m x 1.75 m) lasted from 1966 to 1969, today is several meters above the lake level and is observable only from the lake.
Remains of the fortress Diana are located 2 km downstream of the Iron Gate I. Diana is one of the largest and best preserved Roman forts on this section of the Danubian Limes. It was built by the emperor Trajan at the beginning of the 2nd century BC and was destroyed by the joint attack of the Slavs and Pannonian Avars in the 6th century.
During the Ottoman Empire occupation of the Balkan peninsula a fortress was built near the town. It was named Fetislam (originally Feht-ul-Islam meaning "gate of Islam") and it is located upstream of Kladovo's downtown. Construction began in 1524 and the present look of Fetislam dates from the period of Suleiman the Magnificent in the mid 16th century. The construction was supervised by Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey, while the architect was Osman Pasha. It consists of "Big Town" and "Little Town", which represent two levels of the fortress' defense. It was very important for the Ottomans as, due to its location, domineered the Iron Gate gorge. Fetislam has round, two-storeys high towers. The rectangular cannon fortification with six round , Fetislam became important military structure up to the end of World War I. It was damaged in World War II and by the neglect after the war. In 1968 conversion into the sport complex slowly began and it was partially renovated in 1973, including the amphitheater. The fortress was endangered with the rise of the Danube water level with the construction of the massive Iron Gate dam. Today, it contains children's playgrounds, track and soccer fields, handball, volleyball and tennis courts.
The Đerdap national park offers scenic views, excellent hunting grounds, and many trails for hiking (most trails are not well marked or maintained, so hiking is recommended only for the experienced).
The town has two hotels: "Đerdap" and "Aquastar Danube". Nearby the city (8 km on the road to Belgrade) there is a youth camp named "Karataš" (Turkish kara-tash for "black stone") which can host some of the visiting tourists. Kladovo has many cafés and restaurants, some offering live music entertainment late into the night. The town's quay stretches about along the Danube river and is used for walking and cycling.
Kladovo has a beach, Đerdap Archaeology Museum, Orthodox Church of Saint George and a pedestrian zone ( Kladovo Skadarlija). Kladovo is on the European bicycle path and in 2016 about 16,000 cyclists passed through the town. As of 2017, the bus line Belgrade-Kladovo was the only one in Serbia which had bicycle carriers on the buses.
The neighboring villages of Tekija and Brza Palanka also arranged beaches on the river. Other touristic attractions include the organized visits to the Iron Gate I power plant, local cuisine and the surrounding wine region between Kladovo and Negotin, the Negotin Valley. In the 19th century, the wine produced here was shipped to Belgrade, Novi Sad, Budapest, Vienna, etc.
The public market was open in 1586, when the Ottomans moved the seat of nahiyah to Fetislam tower. In the mid-19th century, it was recorded that the market is open on Saturdays. In the mid-20th century, the market was equipped with the concrete , receiving little maintenance until 2019, when more extensive renovation works begun.
Gallery
Notable residents
Born in Kladovo municipality:
Temporary residents:
See also
External links
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