Inverell is a large town in northern New South Wales, Australia, situated on the Macintyre River, close to the Queensland border. It is also the centre of Inverell Shire. Inverell is located on the Gwydir Highway on the western slopes of the Northern Tablelands. It has a temperate climate. In the , the population of Inverell was 12,057 and the Inverell Shire population was 17,853
History
Prior to British colonisation, the
Jukambal and
Weraerai Aboriginal peoples lived in and occupied this region.
Around 1838, colonist Peter MacIntyre directed his employee, Alexander Campbell, to take up land in the area for his sheep and cattle. Campbell subsequently laid claim to a large section of pastureland along the
Macintyre River, which he called 'Byron Plains' after Peter Byron, one of MacIntyre's stockmen. Campbell later staked out 50,000 acres for himself on the southern side of Byron Plains. He named his run 'Inverell', the word being of
Scottish Gaelic origin, and signifies "meeting place of the swans"; from
Inbhir, a
confluence, and
eala, a swan.
In the initial years, the local Aboriginal people resisted this occupation by spearing MacIntyre's shepherds and taking his livestock.
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]
Inverell is at the junction of the MacIntyre River and Swanbrook Creek and was also known as "Green Swamp" in the 1850s. Wheat growers, Colin and Rosanna Ross established a store there in 1853,[ Reader's Digest Guide to Australian Places, Reader's Digest, Sydney] and it was proposed that a town be surveyed. In 1858, this was done and in the following years the plan was approved and the first land sale was held. Byron Post Office (open since 1855) was replaced by the Inverell Post Office on 15 September 1859.
In 1871, the population of Inverell was 509, this increased to 1,212 in 1881.
Myall Creek Massacre
The massacre of at least 28
Wirraayaraay people by European convicts and settlers took place at Myall Creek near Inverell on 10 June 1838 was notable in that it was one of the very rare cases in colonial Australia for which white people were subsequently executed for the murder of Indigenous people.
The crime became known as the Myall Creek Massacre. On 18 December 1838, seven men were publicly hanged at the Sydney Gaol for the atrocity.
Every year on the Sunday of the June long weekend, hundreds of people, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous, gather at the Myall Creek Massacre and Memorial Site to attend an annual memorial service.
Mining
Diamonds were discovered at Copes Creek in 1875 and were mined at Copeton from 1883 to 1922. Commercial sapphire mining was commenced in 1919 at Frazers Creek near Inverell. Rich alluvial deposits in streams were worked initially by hand miners, but this ceased in the 1930s due to the economic effects of the Great Depression. There was little recorded production up until approximately 1960, when commercial sapphire mining resumed due to a worldwide sapphire shortage. During the 1970s there were over 100 active mining operations in the New England region, however this number declined significantly in the 1980s due to weakening demand and exhaustion of the previously rich alluvial sources. Currently there are only a small number of commercially active mines in the area.
[New England Holiday, New England Regional Tourist Zone Association, n.d.]
Heritage listings
Inverell has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
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56 Byron Street: Inverell Shire Council Building
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97 Otho Street: Inverell Post Office
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Flepper Place
Population
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 11,660 people in Inverell.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 9.5% of the population.
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86.0% of people were born in Australia. The most common other countries of birth were Philippines 1.4% and England 1.2%.
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89.8% of people spoke only English at home.
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The most common responses for religion were Anglican 28.8%, Catholic 22.9% and No Religion 20.2%.
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Industry
The Inverell district is in a fertile agricultural region which produces a wide range of crops, including
Common wheat,
barley,
Oat,
Sorghum bicolor, wine grapes and
maize. Inverell is also home to one of Australia's largest meat processors, Bindaree Beef, a family owned business which employs more than 600 people in the area.
There are many agricultural groups who have purchased significant land in the Inverell area, including
Paraway Group and S. Kidman & Co owned by
Gina Rinehart
There are also some mining activities with tin, , and (mainly industrial) being found.
Copeton Dam, the region's main water supply, was completed in 1976.
Culture and tourism
The Grafton to Inverell Cycle Classic is an annual one day cycling race.
[ "Grafton to Inverell Bike Race 232km", Under Armour, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, USA (mapmyride.com). Retrieved 11 November 2016
] Beginning in Grafton, passing through Glen Innes and finishing in Inverell, the Classic is a 230 km ride over the demanding
Gibraltar Range. The race starts at 23 metres above sea level and climbs to 1260 metres, before finishing in Inverell at 630 metres. The race is six to seven hours long, depending on weather conditions.
Inverell is home to the Bruderhof, an Anabaptist community who share all their possessions
. They run multiple businesses in the area including, a publishing business
, signmaking
, and dental & doctor's clinic
.
Education
There are two primary schools in Inverell; Ross Hill School and Inverell Public School. The two local high schools are Inverell High School and Macintyre High School. Holy Trinity School is a Roman Catholic School in Inverell which caters for students from Kindergarten to Year 10.
Transport
Inverell is served by
Inverell Airport.
Inverell lies on the Gwydir Highway, one of the primary east–west routes through New South Wales. Thunderbolts Way terminates at Copes Creek, 16km south of the Gwydir Highway intersection at Inverell.[1:100000 topographic maps 9138 Inverell, 9137 Bundarra, 9136 Bendemeer, 9236 Armidale, 9235 Yarrowitch, 9234 Upper Manning and 9233 Gloucester. Retrieved 19 April 2010]
Bus services in Inverell are provided by Inverell Bus Service, which operates two town loops, to the east and west. Interurban bus service is provided by Symes Coaches to Glen Innes.
NSW TrainLink operates three Coach services in and out of Inverell: between Moree and Grafton, between Inverell and Tamworth via Manilla and between Inverell and Armidale via Tingha.[ North Western Timetable NSW TrainLink][ NSW TrainLink Symes Coaches]
Sports
The most popular sport in Inverell is
Rugby league. The local team are the Inverell RSM Hawks, who compete in the Group 19, playing out of Varley Oval. The club has won six first grade titles in the competition and its predecessor, Group 5, with the last coming in 2016. The club has produced numerous National Rugby League players, including
Owen Craigie and
Phil Bailey and Chris Bailey.
Other sports teams include the Inverell Highlanders RUFC competing in the Central Northern Rugby Union, Inverell Saints AFC competing in AFL North West NSW and Inverell FC competing in the Northern Inland Football.
Climate
Inverell, like most of the North West Slopes features a textbook subtropical climate with a marked summer peak in rainfall. The town is located on the boundary region between the cool, wet Northern Tablelands of the Great Dividing Range and the hot, dry plains of western New South Wales, having climate characteristics of both regions. The town is quite sunny with an average of 2,930 sun hours annually.
The highest maximum temperature recorded at Inverell was on 4 January 1903 at the Inverell Comparison site, while the highest minimum temperature was on 29 December 1880.
Over the years, Inverell has had three weather stations run by government astronomers (prior to 1908) or the Bureau of Meteorology (after 1908), or both.
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Inverell Comparison (began observations in 1874, ceased observations in November 1997)
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Inverell Research Centre (began observations in 1949, still operational; converted to an Automatic Weather Station in recent years)
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Inverell (Raglan Street) (began observations in March 1995, still operational; observations done by human observer)
Notable people
Notable people from or who have lived in Inverell include:
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Chris Bailey (born 1982), rugby league player
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Phil Bailey (born 1980), former professional rugby league player
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Owen Craigie (born 1978), former rugby league player
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Steve Elkington (born 1962), golfer, 1995 US PGA Champion.
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Susan Hampton (born 1949), poet, winner of the Judith Wright Award
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Heinrich Haussler (born 1984), cyclist
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Peter Hewat, former rugby union player
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George Kneipp (1922–1993), a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland in Townsville, Queensland (1969–1992)
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Colin Madigan (1921–2011), architect
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Rick McCosker (born 1946), cricketer and Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1976
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Leon Punch (1928–1991), former Deputy Premier of New South Wales
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Ivan Sen (born 1971), filmmaker
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Leo Senior (1887–1975), former rugby league player
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Scott Sunderland (born 1966), former cyclist.
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John Williams (born 1955), NSW Nationals Senator
External links
