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Hetao () is a C-shaped region in Northwest China China consisting of a collection of stretching from the banks of the northern half of the Ordos Loop, a large northerly rectangular meander of the Yellow River, that forms the river's entire middle section. The region makes up the northern margin of the Ordos Basin, bounded in the west by the Helan Mountains, the north by the Yin Mountains, the east by the northern portion of Lüliang Mountains, and the south by the Ordos Desert and the Loess Plateau (separated by the course of the Ming Great Wall).
The Hetao region is divided into two main sections — the " West Loop" () in Ningxia, and the " East Loop" () in Inner Mongolia. The west section includes the alluvial plain Yinchuan Plain (, a.k.a. Ningxia Plain) around Shizuishan, Yinchuan, and Wuzhong, and the Weining Plain () around Zhongwei. The east section is further divided into two parts — the western " Back Loop" (), which includes the Bayannur Plain () around Bayannur and Wuhai; and the eastern " Front Loop" ), which includes the Tumochuan Plain () around Baotou and Hohhot.
Unlike the arid desert/steppe environment nearby, the Hetao plains are fertile quite suitable for pastoralism and agricultural activities, and was frequently used by various as a staging area for raiding east into the Zhongyuan and south into the Loess Plateau and Guanzhong Region. Throughout Chinese history, this region was of major strategic importance against northern invaders, particularly during the Han dynasty and Tang dynasty.
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