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Dimartinia (after Vicente Di Martino) is an extinct genus of carnivorous metatherian mammals from the Late Miocene Cerro Azul Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a Monotypic taxon, D. pristina, known from a left mandible and teeth. Dimartinia is a primitive member of the Thylacosmiliformes, a group also containing the saber toothed thylacosmilids.
In 2025, Suarez et al. described Dimartinia pristina as a new genus and species of metatherian mammals based on these fossil remains. The Genus, Dimartinia, honors Vicente Di Martino, the collector of the holotype and founder of the museum where the specimen is accessioned. The specific name, pristina, is derived from the Latin word pristinus, meaning "primitive", "early", or "original", referencing the anatomy and relationships of this taxon.
The anatomy of the holotype specimen indicates features shared with members of the Thylacosmilidae. However, it also has more 'primitive' and generalized features, such as a more shallow dentary and less vertical lower canines, suggesting a more basal phylogenetic position relative to these animals.
Two linear are visible on the dentary. These may have been caused by a predation attempt on the holotype individual by a larger animal such as a larger sparassodont or phorusrhacid. Alternatively, it may have resulted from aggressive intraspecific agonistic behavior. This injury likely impacted the animal's ability to hunt and feed, which may have ultimately resulted in its death. Based on visible periosteal reaction (new bone formation), the individual may have lived at least 15 days following the injury's occurrence.
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