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Calophyllum

( Malpighiales Genera )

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Calophyllum Oil Species Wood

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Calophyllum is a genus of tropics in the family Calophyllaceae. They are mainly distributed in Asia, with some species in Africa, the Americas, Australasia, and the Pacific Islands.

History

Members of the genus Calophyllum native to Malaysia and Wallacea are of particular importance to traditional shipbuilding of the larger Austronesian outrigger canoe and were carried with them in the Austronesian expansion as they migrated to Oceania and Madagascar. They were comparable in importance to how were in European shipbuilding and timber industries. The most notable species is the mastwood ( Calophyllum inophyllum) which grows readily in the sandy and rocky beaches of the island environments that the Austronesians colonized.

(2025). 9781785332333, Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781785332333

Description

Calophyllum are or . They produce a colorless, white, or yellow latex. The oppositely arranged leaves have leathery blades often borne on petioles. The leaves are distinctive, with narrow parallel veins alternating with resin canals. The inflorescence is a cyme or a thyrse of flowers that grows from the leaf axils or at the ends of branches. In the flower the and may look similar and are arranged in whorls. There are many . The fruit is a drupe with thin layers of flesh over a large seed.

Uses

Many species are used for their wood. Some are hardwood trees that can reach 30 meters in height. They tend to grow rapidly. The outer sapwood is yellowish, yellow-brown, or orange, sometimes with a pink tinge, and the inner heartwood is light reddish to red-brown. The wood has a streaked, ribboned, or zig-zag grain. The wood has been used to build boats, flooring, and furniture, and made into plywood. Calophyllum. Wood Properties and Uses of Australian Timbers. Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 2010.Richter, H. G. and M. J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Calophyllum. Commercial Timbers. DELTA. Version: 25 June 2009. Calophyllum wood may be sold under the name bitangor, and the species may be used interchangeably; one shipment may contain boards from several different species.Friday, J. B. and R. Ogoshi. Farm and Forestry Production and Marketing Profile for Tamanu ( Calophyllum inophyllum). In: Elevitch, C. R. (ed.) Specialty Crops for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources. Holualoa, Hawaii. 2011.

The timber provides very high chatoyance, with an average value above 24 PZC.

Plants of the genus are also known for their chemistry, with a variety of secondary metabolites isolated, such as , , , and . Compounds from the genus have been reported to have Cytotoxicity, anti-HIV, secretion, Cytoprotection, Nociception, mollusca, and antimicrobial properties. Some plants are used in folk medicine to treat conditions such as , , , pain, and inflammation.

C. inophyllum is the source of tamanu oil, a greenish, nutty-scented vegetable oil of commercial value. It has been used as massage oil, topical medicine, oil lamp, and waterproofing, and is still used in cosmetics. Tacamahac is the resin of the tree. This species is also cultivated for its wood and planted in coastal landscaping as a windbreak and for erosion control.