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Cagayancillo, officially the Municipality of Cagayancillo (), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 6,884 people.
Located between the islands of Palawan and Negros in the Sulu Sea, Cagayancillo is the closest settlement to the Tubbataha Reef. The word Cagayancillo is Spanish meaning "Little Cagayan".
During the early period of Spanish colonizations, these small islets were inhabited by four hundred people, all of whom were very skillful shipbuilders. They were from Panay, and they came to these islets in order to fortify themselves by the reefs, for fear of pirates. Then they undertook to return to Panay in order to dwell there. But many of their women died there. Seeing this, as they were Oracle, they returned to the islands of Cagayan, from where they set out every year, and scattered themselves over all the islands to build ships. They built the ships of the Spanish Royal Navy in the Philippines, as well as , galliots, and frigates. They also helped in repairing and righting ships. Being the most important people in the islands for the Spaniards, the adelantado Miguel López de Legazpi allotted their islands to the of Negros Island. Afterwards, the colonizers found it best to put them under the direct control of the Spanish Crown. Thus, it was governed from the town of Arevalo in Iloilo.
Historically, the islands also became part of Antique Province. It was made into a municipality in 1810, with Omabong as its first mayor.
During the American regime, it came under the jurisdiction of Negros Occidental.
In 1959, the following sitios were constituted into barrios of Cagayan:
There are neither mountain ranges nor forested areas in the municipality. A hilly portion in the north-eastern part of the main island has a slope of 3-82%. The other areas are flat with the highest elevation around 2 to 3 meters. The majority of the island has a sandy loam soil not enough to support a forest.Arquiza, Yasmin D. and White, Alan T (1999). "Tales from Tubbataha (2nd ed.)". Sulu Fund for Conservation Foundation, Cebu. .
The municipality is exposed to both . The Amihan or north-east winds blow from November to March while the Habagat or south-west winds visit the area from June to October. The summer months from April to June receive the moderate daplak wind from the north-west.
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