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   » » Wiki: Bromus
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Bromus is a large of , classified in its own tribe Bromeae. They are commonly known as bromes, brome grasses, cheat grasses, or chess grasses. Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species.

Bromus is part of the cool-season grass lineage (subfamily Pooideae), which includes about 3300 species. Within Pooideae, Bromus is classified in tribe Bromeae (it is the only genus in the tribe). Bromus is closely related to the wheat-grass lineage (tribe Triticeae) that includes such economically important genera as (wheat), (barley) and (rye).


Etymology
The generic name Bromus is derived from the bromos, a borrowed word from the βρομός (). βρομός and bromos mean oats, but βρομός seems to have referred specifically to ( On Regimen in Acute Diseases 2.43, Dioscorides Medicus 2.94, Polemo Historicus 88) and (Theophrastus Historia Plantarum 8.9.2, Pseudo-Dioscorides 4.137). The generic name comes from avēna, a native Latin word for "oats" or "wild oats".


Description
Bromus species occur in many habitats in regions of the world, including , , and . There are considerable morphological differences between some species, while the morphological differences between others (usually those species that are closely related) are subtle and difficult to distinguish. As such, the taxonomy of the genus is complicated.

Bromus is distinguished from other grass genera by a combination of several morphological characteristics, including that are closed (connate) for most of their length, awns that are usually inserted subapically, and hairy appendages on the ovary. The leaf blades and sheaths, which comprise the can be hairless, sparsely hairy or hairy. The is a dense or open , usually drooping or nodding, sometimes spreading (as in , B. japonicus).


Ecology
The of some use Bromus as a foodplant, such as the chequered skipper ( Carterocephalus palaemon).


Uses
Bromus species are generally considered to have little economic value to humans, at least in present times. was historically cultivated in Chile and Argentina by indigenous peoples, who used it both as fodder and food.
(2025). 9780415927468, Routledge.
The Indians in northern Mexico use the grains of some native Bromus species to aid fermentation in making one of their cultural beverages. As names like poverty brome () and ( B. diandrus) attest, some species are not very useful as because their leaves sclerotize quickly and may even be harmful to livestock due to the high content. Others, such as meadow brome ( ), native to parts of Russia, are planted as forage in the Great Plains of North America. Brome grasses are not usually grown as due to most species' nondescript appearance. Some are useful to prevent but such use must be cautiously controlled as most Bromus have the ability to spread, becoming . Cheatgrass ( ) is a particularly troublesome weed across much of western North America (from southern to .)


Taxonomy and systematics
have generated various classification schemes to reflect the morphological variation that is seen in Bromus. In North America, five morphologically similar groups of species, called sections, are generally recognized: Bromus, , , , and . Sections Bromus and Genea are native to the Old World (Eurasia), but many species are introduced into North America. Sections Bromopsis, Neobromus, and Ceratochloa have several native species in North America.


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