Product Code Database
ArkTS (short for Ark TypeScript) is a high-level general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled, declarative, static type programming language developed by Huawei which is an extension superset of open-source TypeScript (TS), in turn a superset of JavaScript (JS) formerly used in July 2022 HarmonyOS 3.0 version, alongside its evolved precursor, extended TypeScript (eTS) built for HarmonyOS development as a shift toward declarative programming. (2026). 9787302600312, Tsinghua University Press. ISBN 9787302600312 ArkTS compiles to machine code via its ahead-of-time compilation Ark Compiler. ArkTS was first released in September 30, 2021 on OpenHarmony, and the ArkTS toolchain has shipped in DevEco Studio since version 3.1, released in 2022. Since, OpenHarmony 4.0 release on October 26, 2023, ArkTS APIs has been added to the open source community to contribute.
Huawei intended ArkTS to support many core concepts associated with extended TypeScript (eTS) based on TypeScript and in turn JavaScript from previous versions of HarmonyOS 3.0 with ArkUI declarative UI app development and 2.0 imperative app development alongside Java. ArkTS was introduced at Huawei's Developer Conference (HDC) 2022 in November 2022 on HarmonyOS 3.1 release.
It underwent an upgrade in HDC 2023 with HarmonyOS 4.0 API 10 and a major upgrade at January 18, 2024 HarmonyOS Ecology Developer Conference alongside, new Cangjie programming language announced by Huawei where both programming languages become the primary languages for the iterative HarmonyOS NEXT system version of HarmonyOS operating system.
The current version of ArkTS, was released on October 26, 2023, for open source OpenHarmony 4.0 API 10 with new ArkTS APIs via DevEco Studio 4.0 Canary build after HarmonyOS 4.0 release on August 4, 2023. Following current stable release, a preview released in January 2024, with OpenHarmony 4.1 Beta 1 API 11. Alongside, internal HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 and 2 with latest API 11-12 preview based on latest version of OpenHarmony that features advanced syntax that is matured on the 5.0 version of the DevEco Studio integrated development environment (IDE) that is syntactically rigorous and provides more complete and rich capabilities compared to previous versions.
During HDC 2021, in October 2021, Huawei announced ArkUI with DevEco Studio 3.0 for HarmonyOS 3.0 era, which provides a framework for declarative user interface (UI) structure design across all Huawei devices for eTS development which evolved into ArkTS development by HDC 2022 for HarmonyOS 3.1. ArkTS first appeared on OpenAtom's OpenHarmony 3.1 Beta on December 31, 2021 alongside its documentation. Since December 2023, ArkUI is evolved into OpenHarmony 4.0, also Eclipse Foundation global OpenHarmony-based Oniro with ArkTS programming language support and APIs. Also, Huawei announced it would evolve ArkUI into a cross-platform declarative UI named ArkUI-X to reduce app development time and costs by porting it to multiple platforms on Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows and macOS, etc. Including EulerOS in containers that shares HarmonyOS application software stack technologies making it easier for interoperability.
A key aspect of ArkTS design is its ability to interoperate with the huge body of existing eTS and JavaScript code developed for Huawei products over prior versions of HarmonyOS, such as HarmonyOS Design language system, graphical user interface (GUI) system. On Huawei devices running HarmonyOS, it links with the eTS runtime library, which allows native application programming interfaces () in DevEco Studio templates, C, C++, and ArkTS code to run within one program.
ArkTS was designed to be easy, safe while not sacrificing speed. By default ArkTS manages all memory automatically and ensures variables are always initialized before use. Array accesses are checked for out-of-bounds errors and integer operations are checked for overflow. Protocols define interfaces that types may adopt, while extensions allow developers to add functionality to existing types. ArkTS enables object-oriented programming with the support for classes, subtyping, and method overriding. Optionals allow Null pointer values to be handled explicitly. Concurrent programs can be written using async/await syntax and Actor model isolate shared mutable state in order to eliminate data races.
import router from '@ohos.router';
@Entry @Component struct Index {
@State message: string = 'Hello World'
build() {
Row() {
Column() {
Text(this.message)
.fontSize(50)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
// Add a button to respond to user clicks.
Button() {
Text('Next')
.fontSize(30)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
}
.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.margin({
top: 20
})
.backgroundColor('#0D9FFB')
.width('40%')
.height('5%')
// Bind the onClick event to the Next button so that clicking the button redirects the user to the second page.
.onClick(() => {
router.pushUrl({ url: 'pages/Second' })
})
}
.width('100%')
}
.height('100%')
}
}
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