Abutilon [ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07.] is a large genus of in the mallow family, Malvaceae.[ Abutilon. Flora of China.] of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia.[ Abutilon. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).] and velvetleaf;[ Genus: Abutilon Mill. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).] ornamental varieties may be known as room maple, parlor maple, or flowering maple.
The genus name is an 18th-century Neo-Latin word[ ]
Transcribed as abū-taylūn in the Plant Index. The New Oxford American Dictionary (3rd edition) gives ūbūṭīlūn the name given by Avicenna to this or a similar genus.[: written aubūtīlūn in both Britannica and the OED.]
The type species is Abutilon theophrasti. Several species formerly placed in Abutilon, including the cultivated species and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", have recently (2012, 2014) been transferred to the new genus Callianthe.
Description
Plants of this genus include herbs,
, and
.
[ They range in height from about .][ Abutilon. The Jepson eFlora 2013.] The leaf blades are usually entire, but the occasional species has lobed leaves. They are palmately veined and have wavy or serrated edges. Flowers are solitary, paired, or borne in small in the leaf axils or toward the branch tips. The sepal is bell-shaped with five lobes. The corolla is usually bell-shaped to wheel-shaped, with five joined at the bases.
The flowers of wild species are most often yellow or orange,[ but can be red or pinkish, sometimes with a darker center. The are fused into a tube lined at the mouth with anthers. Inside the tube is the branching gynoecium with head-like stigmas. The fruit is a rounded or hemispherical schizocarp with up to 20 segments, each containing a few seeds.][
]
Species
There are about 200 species in the genus.[ Plants of the World Online accepts 177 species.][
]
Species include:[
]
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Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke – bushy abutilon,
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Abutilon affine – Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
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Abutilon albidum
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Abutilon auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet – Asian Indian mallow
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Abutilon australiense
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Abutilon austroafricanum
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Abutilon bedfordianum (Hook.) A.St.-Hil. – Bedford's mallow
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Abutilon berlandieri Gray ex S.Watson – Berlandier's Indian mallow
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Abutilon bidentatum A.Rich.
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Abutilon bivalve
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Abutilon buchii Ignatz Urban
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Abutilon darwinii Hook.f. – Darwin's mallow
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Abutilon eremitopetalum Caum – hiddenpetal Indian mallow (Lanai in Hawaii)
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Abutilon fraseri (Hook.f.) Walp. - Dwarf lantern-flower
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Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. – Texas Indian mallow
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Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet
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Abutilon grandiflorum G.Don
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Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet – hairy Indian mallow
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Abutilon greveanum (Baill.) Hochr.
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Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell
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Abutilon halophilum F.Muell. ex Schltdl.
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Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet – Florida Keys Indian mallow
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Abutilon hulseanum John Torrey ex Asa Gray
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Abutilon hypoleucum A.Gray – whiteleaf Indian mallow
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Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet – hoary abutilon, pelotazo (Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, Hawaii)
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Abutilon indicum (Carl Linnaeus) Sweet – Indian abutilon, Indian lantern-flower, monkeybush
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Abutilon insigne Planch.
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Abutilon julianae Endl.
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Abutilon lauraster Hochr.
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Abutilon leonardi Urb. – woolly abutilon
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Abutilon leucopetalum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex George Bentham – desert Chinese-lantern
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Abutilon listeri Baker f.
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Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A.Rich.
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Abutilon malacum S. Watson – yellow Indian mallow
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Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik.
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Abutilon megapotamicum A.St.-Hil. & Naudin – trailing abutilon
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Abutilon menziesii Seem. – kooloaula (Hawaii)
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Abutilon mollicomum (Willd.) Sweet – Sonoran Indian mallow
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Abutilon mollissimum
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Abutilon niveum August Grisebach – white-flowered abutilon
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Abutilon oxycarpum – small-leaved abutilon
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Abutilon palmeri A.Gray – Palmer's Indian mallow
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Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl.
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Abutilon parishii A.Watson – Parish's Indian mallow
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Abutilon parvulum A.Gray – dwarf Indian mallow
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Abutilon pauciflorum A.St.-Hil. – woolly abutilon
[Britton & Millspaugh, p. 266]
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Abutilon permolle (Willd.) Sweet – coastal Indian mallow
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Abutilon pictum (Gillies ex Hook.) Walp. – redvein abutilon, painted Indian mallow (syn. A. striatum)
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Abutilon pitcairnense Fosberg
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Abutilon purpurascens (Link) K.Schum.
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Abutilon reflexum (Juss. ex Cav.) Sweet
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Abutilon ramiflorum A.St.-Hil.
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Abutilon ranadei Woodr.et.Stapf - Indian son ghanta
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Abutilon reventum S.Watson – yellowflower Indian mallow
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Abutilon sachetianum Fosberg
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Abutilon sandwicense (Otto Degener) Christoph. – greenflower Indian mallow (Oahu in Hawaii)
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Abutilon sellowianum (Klotzsch) Regel
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Abutilon theophrasti Medik. – butterprint, abutilon-hemp, China-jute, velvetleaf (in USA), swamp Chinese-lantern, common yellow mallow
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Abutilon thurberi A.Gray – Thurber's Indian mallow
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Abutilon thyrsodendron August Grisebach
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Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Britton & Millsp. – anglestem Indian mallow
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Abutilon tubulosum
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Abutilon venosum Lem.
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Abutilon virginianum Krapov. – Virgin Islands abutilon
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Abutilon wrightii A.Gray – Wright's Indian mallow
Hybrids
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Abutilon × hybridum (unknown parentage)
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Abutilon × milleri ( A. megapotamicum × A. pictum)
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Abutilon × suntense ( A. ochsenii × A. vitifolium)
Formerly placed here
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Bakeridesia integerrima (Hook.) D.M.Bates (as A. chittendenii Standl.)
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Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell (as A. spicatum Kunth)
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Corynabutilon ochsenii (Phil.) Kearney (as A. ochsenii (Phil.) Reiche)
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Corynabutilon vitifolium (Cav.) Kearney (as A. vitifolium (Cav.) C.Presl)
Cultivation
Some abutilons are cultivated as garden plants. Several hybrids and have been developed.
Cultivars, hybrids, and species that have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit include:
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A. megapotamicum
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A. × milleri
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'Canary Bird'
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'Cannington Carol'
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'Cannington Peter'
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'Kentish Belle'
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'Linda Vista Peach'
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'Marion'
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'Nabob'
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'Orange Glow'
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'Savitzii'
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'Souvenir de Bonn'
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'Veronica Tennant'
Abutilons can be propagated from seed or via cuttings. A. megapoticum is grown as a house plant, but needs considerable light, including several hours of sunlight per day, and moderate temperatures of . The best potting medium is a loose soil rich in organic material and sand and watered when dry to the touch. The amount of watering should be reduced from November to March and the plant pruned back one third at the end of this rest period. The plant is prone to attack by scale insects. The plant is best replaced every two to three years with new specimens.
==Gallery==
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