This list compares various energy in (J), organized by order of magnitude.
+ List of orders of magnitude for energy ! Factor (joules) ! SI SI prefix ! Value ! Item | |||
10−35 | Optical dipole potential measured in a tune-out experiment with ultracold metastable helium. | ||
Photon energy of a photon with a frequency of 1 hertz. | |||
Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule at the lowest temperature reached (38 picokelvinCalculated: KE = (3/2) × Boltzmann constant × Temperature ) | |||
10−28 | 6.6×10−28J | Energy of a typical AM radio photon (1 MHz) (4×10−9 electronvolt)Calculated: E = hν = 6.626J-s × 1 Hz = 6.6J. In eV: 6.6J / 1.6J/eV = 4.1 eV. | |
yocto- (yJ) | 1.6×10−24J | Energy of a typical microwave oven photon (2.45 GHz) (1×10−5 electronvolt)Calculated: E = hν = 6.626J-s × 2.45 Hz = 1.62J. In eV: 1.62J / 1.6J/eV = 1.0 eV. | |
Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule in the Boomerang Nebula, the coldest place known outside of a laboratory, at a temperature of 1 kelvinCalculated: KE ≈ (3/2) × T × 1.38 = (3/2) × 1 × 1.38 ≈ 2.07J | |||
10−22 | 2–3000×10−22J | Energy of infrared light photons | |
10−21 | zepto- (zJ) | 1.7×10−21J | 1kJ/mol, converted to energy per moleculeCalculated: 1J / 6.022 entities per mole = 1.7J per entity |
2.1×10−21J | Thermal energy in each degree of freedom of a molecule at 25 °C ( k T/2) (0.01 electronvolt)Calculated: 1.381J/K × 298.15 K / 2 = 2.1J | ||
2.856×10−21J | By Landauer's principle, the minimum amount of energy required at 25 °C to change one bit of information | ||
3–7×10−21J | Energy of a van der Waals interaction between atoms (0.02–0.04 eV)Calculated: 2 to 4kJ/mol = 2J / 6.022 molecules/mol = 3.3J. In eV: 3.3J / 1.6J/eV = 0.02 eV. 4J / 6.022 molecules/mol = 6.7J. In eV: 6.7J / 1.6J/eV = 0.04 eV. | ||
4.1×10−21J | The " k T" constant at 25 °C, a common rough approximation for the total thermal energy of each molecule in a system (0.03 eV) | ||
7–22×10−21J | Energy of a hydrogen bond (0.04 to 0.13 eV)Calculated: 4 to 13kJ/mol. 4kJ/mol = 4J / 6.022 molecules/mol = 6.7J. In eV: 6.7J / 1.6 eV/J = 0.042 eV. 13kJ/mol = 13J / 6.022 molecules/mol = 2.2J. In eV: 13J / 6.022 molecules/mol / 1.6 eV/J = 0.13 eV. | ||
10−20 | 4.5×10−20J | Upper bound of the mass–energy of a neutrino in particle physics (0.28 eV)Calculated: 0.28 eV × 1.6J/eV = 4.5J | |
10−19 | 1 electronvolt (eV) by definition. This value is exact as a result of the 2019 revision of SI units. | ||
Energy range of in visible light (≈1.6–3.1 eV)Calculated: E = hc/λ. E = 6.6 kg-m/s × 3 m/s / (780 m) = 2.5J. E_390 _nm = 6.6 kg-m/s × 3 m/s / (390 m) = 5.1J | |||
3–14×10−19J | Energy of a covalent bond (2–9 eV)Calculated: 50 kcal/mol × 4.184J/calorie / 6.0e23 molecules/mol = 3.47J. (3.47J / 1.60 eV/J = 2.2 eV.) and 200 kcal/mol × 4.184J/calorie / 6.0e23 molecules/mol = 1.389J. (7.64J / 1.60 eV/J = 8.68 eV.) | ||
5–200×10−19J | Energy of ultraviolet light photons | ||
10−18 | atto- (aJ) | 1.78×10−18J | Bond dissociation energy for the carbon monoxide (CO) triple bond, alternatively stated: 1072 kJ/mol; 11.11eV per molecule. This is the strongest chemical bond known. |
Ground state ionization energy of hydrogen (13.6 eV) | |||
10−17 | 2–2000×10−17J | Energy range of X-ray photons | |
Average kinetic energy of one human red blood cell.Calculated: 1/2 × 27 g × (3.5 miles per hour) = 3J | |||
10−14 | 1×10−14J | Sound energy (vibration) transmitted to the eardrums by listening to a whisper for one second.. "The eardrum is a ... membrane with an area of 65 mm2."Calculated: two eardrums ≈ 1 cm2. 1 W/m2 × 1 m2 × 1 s = 1J | |
> 2×10−14J | Energy of gamma ray photons | ||
Upper bound of the mass–energy of a muon neutrinoCalculated: 170 eV × 1.6J/eV = 2.7J | |||
Rest mass–energy of an electron (0.511 MeV) | |||
10−13 | 1 megaelectronvolt (MeV) | ||
Energy released by a single event of two fusing into deuterium (1.44 megaelectronvolt MeV) | |||
Kinetic energy of produced by DT fusion, used to trigger fission (14.1 MeV) | |||
10−11 | Average total energy released in the nuclear fission of one uranium-235 atom (215 MeV) | ||
10−10 | 1.492×10−10J | Mass-energy equivalent of 1 Da (931.5 MeV) | |
Rest mass–energy of a proton (938.3 MeV) | |||
Rest mass–energy of a neutron (939.6 MeV) | |||
1 gigaelectronvolt (GeV) | |||
Rest mass–energy of a deuteron | |||
Rest mass–energy of an alpha particle | |||
Energy required to raise a grain of sand by 0.1mm (the thickness of a piece of paper).Calculated: 7 g × 9.8 m/s2 × 1 m | |||
10−9 | nano- (nJ) | 10 GeV | |
Initial operating energy per beam of the CERN Large Electron Positron Collider in 1989 (50 GeV)Calculated: 50 eV × 1.6J/eV = 8J | |||
10−8 | Mass–energy of a W boson (80.4 GeV) | ||
Mass–energy of a Z boson (91.2 GeV) | |||
100 GeV | |||
Mass–energy of the Higgs Boson (125.1 GeV) | |||
Operating energy per proton of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator in 1976Calculated: 400 eV × 1.6J/eV = 6.4J | |||
10−7 | ≡ 1 erg | ||
1 TeV (teraelectronvolt), about the kinetic energy of a flying mosquito | |||
Energy per proton in the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015 (6.5 TeV)Calculated: 6.5 eV per beam × 1.6J/eV = 1.04J | |||
Energy released by a typical Radium dial in 1 hour (1 μCi × 4.871 MeV × 1 hr) | |||
Energy released by a P100 atomic battery in 1 hour (2.4 V × 350 nA × 1 hr) | |||
Use of a typical LED for 1 second (2.0 V × 20 mA × 1 s) | |||
10−1 | deci- (dJ) | Energy of an American half-dollar falling 1 metreCalculated: m×g×h = 11.34 kg × 9.8 m/s × 1 m = 1.1J |
+ List of orders of magnitude for energy ! Factor (joules) ! SI SI prefix ! Value ! Item | |||
100 | J | ≡ 1 N·m (newton–metre) | |
≡ 1 W·s (watt-second) | |||
Kinetic energy produced as an extra small apple (~100 grams) falls 1 meter against Earth's gravityCalculated: m×g×h = 1 kg × 9.8 m/s × 1 m = 1J | |||
Energy required to heat 1 gram of dry, cool air by 1 degree Celsius | |||
≈ 1 ft·lbf (foot-pound force) | |||
≡ 1 thermochemical calorie (small calorie) | |||
≡ 1 International (Steam) Table calorie | |||
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin theoretical upper limit for the energy of a cosmic ray coming from a distant sourceCalculated: 5 eV × 1.6J/ev = 8J | |||
101 | deca- (daJ) | Flash energy of a typical pocket camera electronic flash capacitor @ | |
The most energetic cosmic ray ever detected. Most likely a single proton traveling only very slightly slower than the speed of light. | |||
102 | hecto- (hJ) | 1.25×102J | Kinetic energy of a regulation (standard) baseball (5.1 oz / 145 g) thrown at 93 mph / 150 km/h (MLB average pitch speed). |
Energy delivered by a biphasic external electric shock (defibrillation), usually during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest. | |||
Energy of a lethal dose of | |||
Kinetic energy of an average person jumping as high as they canKinetic energy at start of jump = potential energy at high point of jump. Using a mass of 70 kg and a high point of 40 cm => energy = m×g×h = 70 kg × 9.8 m/s × 40 m = 274J | |||
Energy to melt 1 g of ice | |||
Kinetic energy of 800 gram Javelin Throw thrown at > 30 m/s by elite javelin throwersCalculated: 1/2 × 0.8 kg × (30 m/s) = 360J | |||
Energy output of a typical photography studio strobe light in a single flash | |||
Use of a 10-watt flashlight for 1 minute | |||
A power of 1 horsepower applied for 1 second | |||
Kinetic energy of 7.26 kg Shot Put thrown at 14.7 m/s by the world record holder Randy BarnesCalculated: 1/2 × 7.26 kg × (14.7 m/s) = 784J | |||
8.01×102J | Amount of work needed to lift a man with an average weight (81.7 kg) one meter above Earth (or any planet with Earth gravity) | ||
103 | kilo- (kJ) | ≈ 1 British thermal unit (BTU), depending on the temperature | |
Total solar radiation received from the Sun by 1 square meter at the altitude of Earth's orbit per second (solar constant) | |||
Energy to vaporize 1 g of water into steam | |||
Lorentz force can crusher pinch powerlabs.org – The PowerLabs Solid State Can Crusher!, 2002 | |||
Kinetic energy of world-record men's hammer throw (7.26 kg thrown at 30.7 m/s in 1986)Calculated: 1/2 × 7.26 kg × (30.7 m/s) = 3420J | |||
≡ 1 W·h (watt-hour) | |||
Energy released by explosion of 1 gram of trinitrotoluene4.2J/ton of TNT-equivalent × (1 ton/1 grams) = 4.2J/gram of TNT-equivalent | |||
≈ 1 food Calorie (large calorie) | |||
Muzzle energy of an elephant gun, e.g. firing a .458 Winchester Magnum | |||
8.5×103J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at the speed of sound (343m/s = 767mph = 1,235km/h. Air, 20°C). | ||
Energy in an alkaline AA battery | |||
104 | Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of carbohydrates or protein | ||
Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of fat | |||
Energy released by the combustion of 1 gram of gasoline | |||
Kinetic energy of 1 gram of matter moving at 10 km/sCalculated: E = 1/2 m×v = 1/2 × (1 kg) × (1 m/s) = 5J. | |||
105 | Kinetic energy of an automobile at highway speeds (1 to 5 tons at or )Calculated: Using car weights of 1 ton to 5 tons. E = 1/2 m×v = 1/2 × (1 kg) × (55 mph × 1600 m/mi / 3600 s/hr) = 3.0J. E = 1/2 × (5 kg) × (55 mph × 1600 m/mi / 3600 s/hr) = 15J. |
+ List of orders of magnitude for energy ! Factor (joules) ! SI SI prefix ! Value ! Item | |||
106 | mega- (MJ) | Kinetic energy of a 2 tonne vehicle at 32 metres per second (115 km/h or 72 mph)Calculated: KE = 1/2 × 2 kg × (32 m/s) = 1.0J | |
Approximate food energy of a snack such as a Snickers bar (280 food calories) | |||
= 1 kWh (kilowatt-hour) (used for electricity) | |||
Energy released by explosion of 1 kilogram of trinitrotoluene | |||
6.1×106J | Kinetic energy of the 4 kg tungsten APFSDS penetrator after being fired from a 120mm KE-W A1 cartridge with a nominal muzzle velocity of 1740 m/s. | ||
Recommended food energy intake per day for a moderately active woman (2000 food calories)Calculated: 2000 food calories = 2.0 cal × 4.184J/cal = 8.4J | |||
9.1×106J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at Earth's escape velocity (First cosmic velocity ≈ 11.186 km/s = 25,020 mph = 40,270 km/h). | ||
107 | 1×107J | Kinetic energy of the armor-piercing round fired by the ISU-152 assault gunCalculated: 1/2 × m × v = 1/2 × 48.78 kg × (655 m/s) = 1.0J. | |
Recommended food energy intake per day for a moderately active man (2600 food calories)Calculated: 2600 food calories = 2.6 cal × 4.184J/cal = 1.1J | |||
Kinetic energy of a 23 lb projectile fired by the Navy's mach 8 railgun. | |||
3.7×107J | $1 of electricity at a cost of $0.10/kWh (the US average retail cost in 2009)Calculated J per dollar: 1 million BTU/$28.90 = 1 BTU / 28.90 dollars × 1.055J/BTU = 3.65J/dollarCalculated cost per kWh: 1 kWh × 3.60J/kWh / 3.65J/dollar = 0.0986 dollar/kWh | ||
4×107J | Energy from the combustion of 1 cubic meter of natural gas | ||
4.2×107J | Caloric energy consumed by Olympic Games Michael Phelps on a daily basis during Olympic training | ||
6.3×107J | Theoretical minimum energy required to accelerate 1 kg of matter to escape velocity from Earth's surface (ignoring atmosphere) | ||
9×107J | Total mass-energy of 1 microgram of matter (25 kWh) | ||
108 | Kinetic energy of a 55 tonne aircraft at typical landing speed (59 m/s or 115 knots) | ||
≈ 1 therm, depending on the temperature | |||
≈ 1 Tour de France, or ~90 hours ridden at 5 W/kg by a 65 kg riderCalculated: 90 hr × 3600 seconds/hr × 5 W/kg × 65 kg = 1.1J | |||
≈ Energy from burning 16 kilograms of oil (using 135 kg per barrel of light crude) | |||
109 | giga- (GJ) | Energy in an average lightning bolt (thunder) | |
Magnetic stored energy in the world's largest toroidal superconducting magnet for the ATLAS experiment at CERN, Geneva | |||
Inflight 100-ton Boeing 757-200 at 300 knots (154 m/s) | |||
Theoretical minimum amount of energy required to melt a tonne of steel (380 kWh)Calculated: 380 kW-h × 3.6J/kW-h = 1.37J | |||
Energy of an ordinary gasoline tank of a car. thepartsbin.com – Volvo Fuel Tank: Compare at The Parts Bin, 6 May 2012 | |||
Unit of energy in Planck units, roughly the diesel tank energy of a mid-sized truck. | |||
2.49×109J | Approximate kinetic energy carried by American Airlines Flight 11 at the moment of impact with WTC 1 on September 11, 2001. | ||
Inflight 125-ton Boeing 767-200 flying at 373 knots (192 m/s) | |||
Approximate average amount of energy expended by a human heart muscle over an 80-year lifetimeCalculated: 1.3J/s × 80 years × 3.16 s/year = 3.3J | |||
3.6×109J | = 1 MW·h (megawatt-hour) | ||
Energy released by explosion of 1 TNT equivalent. | |||
Average annual energy usage of a standard refrigeratorCalculated: 1239 kWh × 3.6J/kWh = 4.5J | |||
≈ 1 bboe (barrel of oil equivalent) Energy Units , by Arthur Smith, 21 January 2005 | |||
1010 | Kinetic energy of an Airbus A380 at cruising speed (560 tonnes at 511 knots or 263 m/s) | ||
≈ 1 toe (ton of oil equivalent) | |||
Yield energy of a Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb, the second most powerful non-nuclear weapon ever designedCalculated: 11 tons of TNT-equivalent × 4.184J/ton of TNT-equivalent = 4.6J | |||
Energy consumed by the average U.S. automobile in the year 2000Calculated: 581 gallons × 125J/gal = 7.26J | |||
≈ 1 MW·d (megawatt-day), used in the context of power plants (24 MW·h)Calculated: 1 watts × 86400 seconds/day = 8.6J | |||
Total energy released in the nuclear fission of one gram of uranium-235Calculated: 3.44J/U-235-fission × 1 kg / (235 amu per U-235-fission × 1.66 amu/kg) = 8.82J | |||
9×1010J | Total mass-energy of 1 milligram of matter (25 MW·h) | ||
1011 | 1.1×1011J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at lightning speed (120 km/s = 270,000 mph = 435,000 km/h). | |
Approximate food energy consumed by an average human in an 80-year lifetime.Calculated: 2000 kcal/day × 365 days/year × 80 years = 2.4J |
+ List of orders of magnitude for energy ! Factor (joules) ! SI SI prefix ! Value ! Item | |||
1018 | exa- (EJ) | Worldwide nuclear-powered electricity output in 2023. | |
1019 | 1×1019J | Thermal energy released by the 1991 Pinatubo eruption | |
1.1×1019J | Seismic energy released by the 1960 Valdivia Earthquake | ||
1.2×1019J | Explosive yield of global nuclear arsenal (2.86 Gigatons) | ||
Yearly electricity consumption in the United States as of 2009Calculated: 3.741 kWh × 3.600J/kWh = 1.347J | |||
Yearly electricity production in the United States as of 2009Calculated: 3.953 kWh × 3.600J/kWh = 1.423J | |||
Energy released in 1 day by an average hurricane in producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy) | |||
Yearly electricity consumption of the world Calculated: 17.8 kWh × 3.60J/kWh = 6.41J | |||
Yearly electricity generation of the world Calculated: 18.95 kWh × 3.60J/kWh = 6.82J | |||
1020 | 1.4×1020J | Total energy released in the 1815 Mount Tambora eruption | |
2.33×1020J | Kinetic energy of a carbonaceous chondrite meteor 1 km in diameter striking Earth's surface at 20 km/s. Such an impact occurs every ~500,000 years. | ||
2.4×1020J | Total latent heat energy released by Hurricane Katrina | ||
Total world annual energy consumption in 2010Calculated: 12002.4 tonnes of oil equivalent × 42J/tonne of oil equivalent = 5.0J | |||
6.2×1020J | World primary energy generation in 2023 (620 EJ). "2023 saw a second consecutive record year for global primary energy consumption as it grew by 2%, reaching 620 EJ." | ||
Estimated global uranium resources for generating electricity 2005Final number is computed. Energy Outlook 2007 shows 15.9% of world energy is nuclear. IAEA estimates conventional uranium stock, at today's prices is sufficient for 85 years. Convert billion kilowatt-hours to joules then: 6.25×1019×0.159×85 = 8.01×1020. | |||
1021 | zetta- (ZJ) | Estimated energy contained in the world's natural gas reserves as of 2010Calculated: "6608.9 trillion cubic feet" => 6608.9 billion cubic feet × 0.025 million tonnes of oil equivalent/billion cubic feet × 1 tonnes of oil equivalent/million tonnes of oil equivalent × 42J/tonne of oil equivalent = 6.9J | |
7.0×1021J | Thermal energy released by the Toba eruption | ||
Estimated energy contained in the world's petroleum reserves as of 2010Calculated: "188.8 thousand million tonnes" => 188.8 tonnes of oil × 42J/tonne of oil = 7.9J | |||
Annual net uptake of thermal energy by the global ocean during 2003-2018Calculated per reference: 0.58W·m−2 is 9.3J·yr−1 in the global domain | |||
1022 | 1.2×1022J | Seismic energy of a magnitude 11 earthquake on Earth (M 11) | |
Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each dayCalculated: 1.27 m × 1370 W/m × 86400 s/day = 1.5J | |||
1.94×1022J | Impact event that formed the Siljan Ring, the largest impact structure in Europe | ||
Estimated energy contained in the world's coal reserves as of 2010Calculated: 860938 million tonnes of coal => 860938 tonnes of coal × (1/1.5 tonne of oil equivalent / tonne of coal) × 42J/tonne of oil equivalent = 2.4J | |||
Identified global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology | |||
Estimated energy contained in the world's fossil fuel reserves as of 2010Calculated: natural gas + petroleum + coal = 6.9J + 7.9J + 2.4J = 3.9J | |||
8.03×1022J | Total energy of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake | ||
1023 | 1.5×1023J | Total energy of the 1960 Valdivia earthquake | |
Total global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology | |||
The energy released in the formation of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula |
+ List of orders of magnitude for energy ! Factor (joules) ! SI SI prefix ! Value ! Item | |||
1024 | yotta- (YJ) | 2.31×1024J | Total energy of the Sudbury Basin |
2.69×1024J | Rotational energy of Venus, which has a sidereal period of (-)243 Earth days.Clarification of calculation:
Rotational energy = (defined equal to) 1/2 * Moment of Inertia Factor * Mass * Radius^2 * Angular Velocity^2 The inertial factor has been normalized, and takes on a value between 0 and 1. In this case it is 0.337(24). | ||
3.8×1024J | Radiative heat energy released from the Earth's surface each year | ||
Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each yearCalculated: 1.27 m × 1370 W/m × 86400 s/day = 5.5J | |||
1025 | 4×1025J | Total energy of the Carrington Event in 1859 | |
1026 | Estimated energy of early Archean | ||
3.2×1026J | Bolometric energy of Proxima Centauri's superflare in March 2016 (10^33.5 erg). In one year, potentially five similar superflares erupts from the surface of the red dwarf. | ||
Total radiative energy output of the Sun each second | |||
Estimated energy released by the impact that created the Caloris basin on Mercury | |||
1×1027J | Upper limit of the most energetic Solar flare possible (X1000) | ||
5.19×1027J | Thermal input necessary to evaporate all surface water on Earth. Note that the evaporated water still remains on Earth, merely in vapor form. | ||
4.2×1027J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at the speed of the Oh-My-God particle, itself a cosmic ray proton with the kinetic energy of a baseball thrown at 60mph (~50J). | ||
Kinetic energy of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth (counting only its velocity relative to the Earth)Calculated: KE = 1/2 × m × v. v = 1.023 m/s. m = 7.349 kg. KE = 1/2 × (7.349 kg) × (1.023 m/s) = 3.845J. | |||
7×1028J | Total energy of the Superflare from V1355 Orionis | ||
Rotational energy of the EarthCalculated: E_rotational = 1/2 × I × w = 1/2 × (8.0 kg m) × (2×pi/(23.9345 hour period × 3600 seconds/hour)) = 2.1J | |||
Rough estimate of the gravitational binding energy of Mercury. | |||
1031 | 2×1031J | The Theia Impact, the most energetic event ever in Earth's history | |
Total energy output of the Sun each dayCalculated: 3.8J/s × 86400 s/day = 3.3J | |||
Gravitational binding energy of the Earth | |||
3.10×1032J | Yearly energy output of Sirius B, the ultra-dense and Earth-sized white dwarf companion of Sirius, the Dog Star. It has a surface temperature of about 25,200 K. | ||
Earth kinetic energy at perihelion in its orbit around the SunKE = 1/2 × 5.9722×10^24 kg × (30.29 km/s)^2 = 2.74×10^33 J | |||
Total energy output of the Sun each yearCalculated: 3.8J/s × 86400 s/day × 365.25 days/year = 1.2J | |||
1035 | 3.5×1035J | The most energetic Superflare to date (V2487 Ophiuchi) | |
1038 | 7.53×1038J | Baryonic (ordinary) mass-energy contained in a volume of one cubic light-year, on average. | |
1039 | 2–5×1039 J | Energy of the giant flare (starquake) released by SGR 1806-20 | |
Theoretical total mass–energy of the Moon | |||
1040 | 1.61×1040J | Baryonic mass-energy contained in a volume of one cubic parsec, on average. | |
1041 | Gravitational binding energy of the SunChandrasekhar, S. 1939, An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure (Chicago: U. of Chicago; reprinted in New York: Dover), section 9, eqs. 90–92, p. 51 (Dover edition)Lang, K. R. 1980, Astrophysical Formulae (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 272 | ||
Theoretical total mass–energy of the Earth | |||
1043 | 5×1043J | Total energy of all gamma rays in a typical gamma-ray burst if collimated "the gamma-ray energy release, corrected for geometry, is narrowly clustered around 5 × 10 erg"Calculated: 5 erg × 1J/erg = 5J | |
>1043 J | Total energy in a typical fast blue optical transient (FBOT) | ||
1044 | ~1044 J | Average value of a Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) in Visible spectrum/Ultraviolet bands | |
~1044 J | Estimated kinetic energy released by FBOT CSS161010 | ||
Total energy released in a typical supernova, sometimes referred to as a foe. | |||
Approximate lifetime energy output of the Sun. | |||
Total energy of a typical gamma-ray burst if collimated | |||
1045 | ~1045 J | Estimated energy released in a hypernova and pair instability supernova | |
1045 J | Energy released by the energetic supernova, SN 2016aps | ||
Energy released by hypernova ASASSN-15lh | |||
2.3×1045 J | Energy released by the energetic supernova PS1-10adiBoth ASSASN-15lh and PS1-10adi are indicated as supernovae and probably they are; actually, other mechanisms are proposed to explain them, more or less in accordance to the characteristics of supernovae | ||
>1045 J | Estimated energy of a magnetorotational hypernova | ||
Total energy (energy in gamma rays+relativistic kinetic energy) of hyper-energetic gamma-ray burst if collimated | |||
>1046J | Estimated energy in theoretical | ||
~1046J | Upper limit of the total energy of a supernova | ||
1.5×1046J | Total energy of the most energetic optical non-quasar transient, AT2021lwx | ||
1047 | 1045-47 J | Estimated energy of stellar mass rotational black holes by vacuum polarization in an electromagnetic field | |
1047 J | Total energy of a very energetic and relativistic jetted Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) | ||
~1047 J | Upper limit of collimated- corrected total energy of a gamma-ray burst | ||
Theoretical total mass–energy of the Sun | |||
Mass–energy emitted as gravitational waves during the merger of two black holes, originally about 30 Solar masses each, as observed by LIGO (GW150914) | |||
Mass–energy emitted as gravitational waves during the most energetic black hole merger observed until 2020 (GW170729)If GW190521 is a Boson Star merging, the present one remains the largest. See note 246247 | |||
GRB 080916C – formerly the most powerful gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded – total/trueIt is important to specify that the energetic reduction for beaming (invoked to explain so much energetics and jet breaks) is expected in the "Fireball model", which is the traditional one; other main models explain both Long and Short GRBs with binary systems, such as "Induced Gravitational Collapse", "Binary-Driven Hypernovae" which refer to the "Fireshell" one, in which cases the beaming isn't assumpted and the isotropic energy is a real value of energy due to the rotational energy of the stellar black hole and vacuum polarization in an electromagnetic field, which are able to explain energetics up and over 1047 J isotropic energy output estimated at 8.8 × 1047 joules (8.8 × 1054 erg), or 4.9 times the Sun's mass turned to energy | |||
1048 | 1048 J | Estimated energy of a supermassive Population III star supernova, denominated "General Relativistic Instability Supernova." | |
~1.2×1048 J | Approximate energy released in the most energetic black hole merging to date (GW190521), which originated the first intermediate-mass black hole ever detectedAssuming the uncertainties about the masses of the objects, the values of the LIGO Data are taken in consideration; so we have a newborn black hole with about 142 solar masses and the conversion in gravitational waves of about 7 solar massesA research claims that this is instead a boson stars merging with approximately 8 times more probability than the black hole case; if so, the existence and the collision of boson stars there would be confirmed together. Furthermore, the energy released and the distance would be reduced.[6]
See the following note for the link of the research | ||
1.2–3×1048 J | GRB 221009A – the most powerful gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded – total/true isotropic energy output estimated at 1.2–3 × 1048 joules (1.2–3 × 1055 erg) | ||
1050 | ≳1050 J | Upper limit of isotropic energy (Eiso) of Population III stars Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). | |
1053 | >1053 J | Mechanical energy of very energetic so-called "quasar tsunamis"To determinate this value, the maximum energy of 1047 J for gamma-ray burts is taken in consideration; then six orders of magnitude are added, equivalent to ten million of years, the time frame in which the quasar tsunami will exceed the GRBs energetics over 1 million of times, according to the Nahum Arav's statement in the previous note | |
Total mechanical energy or enthalpy in the powerful AGN outburst in the RBS 797 | |||
7.65×1053J | Mass-energy of Sagittarius A*, Milky Way's central supermassive black hole | ||
1054 | Total mechanical energy or enthalpy in the powerful AGN outburst in the Hercules A (3C 348) | ||
Total mechanical energy or enthalpy in the powerful AGN outburst in the MS 0735.6+7421, Ophiucus Supercluster Explosion and supermassive black holes mergings | |||
1057 | ~1057 J | Estimated rotational energy of M87 SMBH and total energy of the most luminous over Billion years time-scales | |
~2×1057 J | Estimated thermal energy of the Bullet Cluster of Galaxy cluster | ||
7.3×1057 J | Mass-energy equivalent of the ultramassive black hole TON 618, an extremely luminous quasar / active galactic nucleus (AGN). | ||
1058 | ~1058 J | Estimated total energy (in shockwaves, turbulence, gases heating up, gravitational force) of mergings | |
Visible mass–energy in our galaxy, the Milky Way | |||
Total mass–energy of our galaxy, the Milky Way, including dark matter and dark energy | |||
1.4×1059J | Mass-energy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), ~0.8 trillion Solar mass. | ||
Total mass–energy of the Virgo Supercluster including dark matter, the Supercluster which contains the Milky Way | |||
Rough estimate of total mass–energy of ordinary matter (atoms; baryons) present in the observable universe.Details of calculation: WMAP 10 year survey's estimate of mass-energy density * volume of Observable Universe * percentage of which is ordinary matter: 9.9e-30 * 3.566e+80 * 0.046 * c^2 = 1.46e+70 Joules. | |||
1071 | 3.177×1071J | Rough estimate of total mass-energy within our observable universe, accounting for all forms of matter and energy. |
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