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Zemer (, ) is an Arab local council in the Central District of Israel. It is located in the Arab Triangle area, between Baqa al-Gharbiyye and Bat Hefer on Road 574. Zemer is the result of a merger of four villages – Bir al-Sika, Ibtan, Marja and Yama - in 1988.
Middle Bronze Age II findings from Yama have been tentatively identified to belong to the ancient site of Yaham. Yaham was mentioned in ancient Egypt sources regarding Thutmose III and Shoshenq I. The 15th century BCE annals describing the campaign of Thutmose III against a coalition of city-states recount how the pharaoh camped at Yaham before marching on through the pass of Aruna (today's Wadi Ara), at whose exit he attacked and captured the city of Tel Megiddo.
Yama and Ibtan appeared in Ottoman Empire tax registers compiled in 1596, in the of Qaqun and Jabal Sami, respectively, of the Nablus Liwa. Yama had a population of 18 Muslim households and 5 bachelors, while Ibtan was indicated as empty even though it paid taxes.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 127, p. 138.
In 1882, in the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine, only Khurbet Ibthan was noted, with "traces of ruins and a well."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 196
Zemer's population at the end of 2009 was 5,700, and its jurisdiction is 8,203 dunams. The population increased to 6,375 in 2014. The mayor of Zemer is Yassin Harzalla. Continuing to improve personal security in the Arab sector
Mamluk Sultanate and Ottoman Empire
In 1265, two of the villages were mentioned among the estates which the Mamluk Egypt sultan Baibars granted his after he had defeated the Crusader States: The whole of Ibthan ( Bathan) was given to his emir 'Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Halabi al-Salihi,Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 81, 209, 249 (map) while Yamma was divided equally between the emirs Saif al-Din Itamish al-Sa'di and Shams al-Din Aqsunqur.Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 81, 210, 249 (map)
British Mandate and Israel
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bir al-Sikka had a population of 36, Ibthan 56 and Yamma 48, all Muslims.Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. 28 Until 1948, all four villages were administratively related to the modern-day Palestinian town of Deir al-Ghusun.Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 20Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 74
Bibliography
(1977). 9783920405414, Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. . ISBN 9783920405414
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