Tryptase () is the most abundant secretory granule-derived serine proteinase contained in and has been used as a marker for mast cell activation.
Nomenclature
Tryptase is also known by mast cell tryptase, mast cell protease II, skin tryptase, lung tryptase, pituitary tryptase, mast cell neutral proteinase, mast cell serine proteinase II, mast cell proteinase II, mast cell serine proteinase tryptase, rat mast cell protease II, and tryptase M.
Clinical use
Serum levels are normally less than 11.5 ng/mL.
[ Mayo Clinic > Test ID: FFTRS91815, Tryptase. Retrieved October, 2012] Elevated levels of serum tryptase occur in both
anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions, but a negative test does not exclude
anaphylaxis. Tryptase is less likely to be elevated in food allergy reactions as opposed to other causes of anaphylaxis. Serum tryptase levels are also elevated in and used as one indication suggesting the presence of eosinophilic leukemias due to genetic mutations resulting in the formation of
FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion genes or the presence of systemic mastocytosis.
Physiology
Tryptase is involved with allergenic response and is suspected to act as a
mitogen for
fibroblast lines. Tryptase may use the
morpheein model of allosteric regulation.
Mast cell tryptase-6 is involved in
Trichinella spiralis infection in mice through linking adaptive and innate immunity.
Genes
Human genes that encode proteins with tryptase activity include:
|
|
| Tryptase alpha-1 |
| Tryptase beta-1 |
| Tryptase beta-2 |
| Tryptase delta |
| Tryptase gamma |
| Tryptase epsilon |
Mouse genes that encode proteins with tryptase activity include:
|
|
Tpsb2 | Tryptase MCP-6 |
Tpsab1 | Tryptase MCP-7 |
External links
