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A treadle (from , "to tread") is a foot-powered lever mechanism; it is operated by treading on it repeatedly. A treadle, unlike some other types of pedals, is not directly mounted on the crank (see treadle bicycle for a clear example).
Most treadle machines convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion, using a mechanical linkage to indirectly connect one or two treadles to a crank. The treadle then turns the crank, which powers the machine. Other machines use treadles directly, to generate reciprocating motion. For instance, in a treadle loom, the reciprocating motion is used directly to lift and lower the harnesses or heddles; a common treadle pump uses the reciprocating motion to raise and lower .
Before the widespread availability of electric power, treadles were the most common way to power a range of machines. They are still widely used as a matter of preference and necessity. A human-powered machine gives the human operator close, instinctive control over the rate at which energy is fed into the machine; this lets them easily vary the rate at which they work. Treadle-operated machines are also used in environments where electric power is Off-the-grid to power electric machinery.
Other, similar mechanisms for allowing human and working animal muscle to power machines are cranks, , , and kick wheels like a potter's kick wheel.
Treadles were once used extensively to power most machines including , rotary saw or reciprocating saws, , , and .
Today the use of treadle-powered machines is common in areas of the developing world where other forms of power are unavailable. It is also common among artisans, hobbyists and historical re-enactors.
Some treadle looms in Africa and South Asia use toggles on a string as treadles. The toggles are held between the weaver's toes.
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