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Tolvaptan, sold under the brand name Samsca among others, is an drug that functions as a selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 (V2) antagonist used to treat (low blood levels) associated with , , and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Tolvaptan was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 19, 2009, and is sold by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. under the trade name Samsca. Tolvaptan, as Jynarque, was granted approval for medical use in the United States in April 2018.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted tolvaptan a fast track designation for clinical trials investigating its use for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease. The FDA granted Jynarque an designation in April 2012, for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Tolvaptan is available as a generic medication.


Medical uses
Tolvaptan (Samsca) is indicated for the treatment of clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia.

Tolvaptan (Jynarque) is indicated for slow kidney-function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

Tolvaptan phosphate is a of tolvaptan, developed for intravenous administration. Tolvaptan phosphate is converted into the active drug tolvaptan in the human body following administration.


Side effects
The FDA has determined that tolvaptan should not be used for longer than 30 days and should not be used in patients with underlying liver disease because it can cause liver injury, potentially leading to liver failure."U.S. Food and Drug Administration." Samsca (Tolvaptan): Drug Safety Communication. N.p., 30 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 June 2014. <[1] When using to treat hyponatremia, it may cause too rapid correction of resulting in fatal osmotic demyelination syndrome.
(2017). 9781259584732


Pharmacology
Tolvaptan is a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.


Chemistry
Tolvaptan is a , a 1:1 mixture of the following two enantiomers:Rote Liste Service GmbH (Hrsg.): Rote Liste 2017 - Arzneimittelverzeichnis für Deutschland (einschließlich EU-Zulassungen und bestimmter Medizinprodukte). Rote Liste Service GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, 2017, Aufl. 57, , S. 222.

( R)-Tolvaptan
CAS number: 331947-66-1

( S)-Tolvaptan
CAS number: 331947-44-5


Further reading

External links
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