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Strained yogurt, Greek or Greek-style yogurt, yogurt cheese, sack yogurt, kerned yogurt or labneh is yogurt that has been strained to remove most of its whey, resulting in a thicker consistency than normal unstrained yogurt, while still preserving the distinctive sour taste of yogurt. Like many types, strained yogurt is often made from milk enriched by boiling off some water content, or by adding extra butterfat and powdered milk. In Europe and North America, it is often made from low-fat or fat-free cow's milk. In Iceland a similar product named skyr is made.
Strained yogurt is usually marketed in North America as "Greek yogurt" and in the United Kingdom as "Greek-style yoghurt", BBC:'Greek' yoghurt Chobani firm loses legal battle, 29 January 2014. In Britain the name "Greek" may only be applied to yogurt made in Greece though strained yogurt is also widely eaten in Levantine, Eastern Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Central Asian, South Asian, and Eastern European cuisines, where it is often used in cooking, as it curdling less readily when cooked. It is used in a variety of dishes, cooked or not, savory or sweet. Straining makes even non-fat yogurt varieties thicker, richer, and creamier than unstrained. Since straining removes the whey, more milk is required to make strained yogurt, increasing the production cost. In Western Europe and the United States, strained yogurt has increased in popularity compared to unstrained yogurt. Since the straining process removes some of the lactose, strained yogurt is lower in sugar than unstrained yogurt.
It was reported in 2012 that most of the growth in the US$4.1 billion American yogurt industry came from the strained yogurt sub-segment, typically marketed as "Greek yogurt". In the US, there is no legal or standard definition of Greek yogurt, and yogurt thickened with thickening agents, typically pectin, locust bean gum, starches or guar gum, may also be sold as "Greek yogurt".
The flavor depends largely on the sort of milk used: labneh from cow's milk has a rather mild flavor. Also the quality of olive oil topping influences the taste of labneh. Milk from camels and other animals is used in labneh production in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Arab countries.
Labneh is a popular mezze dish and sandwich ingredient, especially in the Levantine countries of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. A common sandwich in the Middle East is one of labneh, mint, zaatar, and olive on flatbread. It is a common breakfast dip.Debra Kamin. Tourist tip #242:Labheh. Haaretz It is usually eaten spread on a plate and drizzled with olive oil, and often dried mint. It is also often paired as a dip with the mixed herb blend za'atar.
Bedouin also produce a dry, hard labneh ( labaneh malboudeh, similar to Central Asian Kashk) that can be stored: strained labneh is pressed in cheese cloth between two heavy stones and later sun-dried. Dry labneh may be mixed with khubz (Arabic bread), water, animal fat, and salt, and rolled into balls.
Labneh is the main ingredient in jameed, which is used in mansaf, the national dish of Jordan.
In Egypt, it is eaten with savory accompaniments such as olives and oil, and also with a sweetener such as honey, as a snack or breakfast food. Areesh cheese (or arish, ) is a type of cheese that originated in Egypt. Arish cheese is made from yogurt heated slowly until it curdles and separates, then placed in cheesecloth to drain. It is similar in taste to ricotta. The protein content of Areesh cheese is 17.6%. Shanklish, a fermented cheese, is made from areesh cheese.
As in Greece, strained yogurt is widely used in Cypriot cuisine both as an ingredient in recipes as well as on its own or as a supplement to a dish. In Cyprus, strained yogurt is usually made from sheep's milk.
Strained yogurt in Iranian cuisine is called mâst chekide and is usually used for making dips, or served as a side dish. In Northern Iran, mâst chekide is a variety of kefir with a distinct sour taste. It is usually mixed with fresh herbs in a pesto purée called Delal sauce. Yogurt is a side dish to many Iranian cuisine. Strained yogurt is used as dips and various appetizers with multitudes of ingredients: cucumbers, onions, shallots, fresh herbs (dill, spearmint, parsley, cilantro), spinach, walnuts, zereshk, garlic, etc. The most popular appetizers are spinach or eggplant borani, ‘'Mâst-o-Khiâr'’ with cucumber, spring onions and herbs, or ‘'Mâst-Musir'’ with wild shallots. Strained yogurt in Balochistan is called sheelanch and is used for making dips served with dates, or served as a side dish.
In Turkish cuisine, strained yogurt is known as süzme yoğurtWalker, Harlan, ed. (2000) Milk-- Beyond the Dairy: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1999 Totnes, Devon, Eng. : Prospect Books. page 276. . ("strained yogurt") or kese yoğurdu ("bag yogurt"). Süzme Yoğurt. Food Technology, MEGEP, Turkish Ministry of Education, 2007 (in Turkish) Water is sometimes added to it in the preparation of cacık, when this is not eaten as a meze but consumed as a beverage. Strained yogurt is used in Turkish mezzes and dips such as haydari.
In Turkish markets, labne is also a popular dairy product but it is different from strained yogurt; it is yogurt-based creamy cheese without salt, and is used like mascarpone. Pınar Labaneh. Pinar, Yaşar Group
In Armenian cuisine, strained yogurt is called kamats matzoon. Traditionally, it was produced for long-term preservation by draining matzoon in cloth sacks.
But true strained yogurt, chakka, is made by draining the yogurt in a (preferably muslin) cloth. It is hung for 12 to 18 hours to allow some of the whey to drain off. This technique is popular in India and Pakistan. Shrikhand is a dish made with chakka, sugar, saffron, cardamom, pureed or diced fruit and nuts mixed in; it is often eaten with poori. It is particularly popular in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra, where dairy producers market shrikhand in containers.
Chakka is also eaten in Pashtun people-dominated regions of Pakistan with rice and meat dishes.
In Albanian cuisine, strained yogurt is called "salcë kosi" ( yogurt sauce). Yogurt is drained in a cloth sack from few hours to overnight. The water released from this process is called "hirrë" and can be used to preserve cheese or as a drink.
In Bulgaria, where yogurt is considered to be an integral part of the national cuisine, strained yogurt is called "Tsedeno kiselo mliako" (), and is used in a variety of salads and dressings.
A variety of strained yogurt called "basa" is a traditional variety of cheese from the region of Lika in Croatia. In Serbia and North Macedonia, it is also known as kiselo mleko (кисело млеко).
Strained yogurt is known as hangop, literally meaning 'hang up' in the Netherlands. It is a traditional dessert. Hangop may also be made using buttermilk.
In September 2012, Chobani UK began to sell yogurt made in the United States as "Greek yogurt". Fage, a company that manufactures yogurt in Greece and sells it in the United Kingdom, filed a passing-off claim against Chobani in the UK High Court, claiming that UK consumers understood "Greek" to refer to the country of origin (similar to "Belgian beer"); Chobani's position was that consumers understood "Greek" to refer to a preparation (similar to "French toast"). Both companies relied on surveys to prove their point; FAGE also relied on the previous industry practice of UK yogurt makers not to label their yogurt as "Greek yogurt". Ultimately Mr Justice Briggs found in favor of FAGE and granted an injunction preventing Chobani from using the name "Greek yogurt". In February 2014, this decision was upheld on appeal.Ben Bouckley. Dairy reporter "Chobani gets Fage fright, loses Greek Yogurt appeal". DairyReporter, 28 January 2014 Greece may now seek to protect the marketing term, "Greek yogurt", across the entire EU under protected designation of origin rules.
In May 2020, British dairy company Yeo Valley entered the market with an organic product called "Super Thick Kerned Yogurt. The "kerned yogurt" label was the first of its kind, coined in reference to an archaic Somerset term meaning "thickened", which is predominantly used in relation to dairy products.
A product called "Lindahls Kvarg" was launched in the UK by Nestlé in 2018, and described as "Sweden's No. 1 Quark". Quark is a type of high-protein strained curd cheese widely used in Swedish cooking. The company Bio-tiful launched its kefir-quark blend, containing live cultures and protein.
Since 2015, Arla has sold its own skyr product marketed as "Icelandic style yogurt".
Strained yogurt typically marketed as "Greek yogurt" has become popular in the United States and Canada, where it is often used as a lower-calorie substitute for sour cream or crème fraîche.Barbara Fairchild. Bon Appetit Desserts: The Cookbook for All Things Sweet and Wonderful, p. 8. Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2010 Celebrity chef Graham Kerr became an early adopter of strained yogurt as an ingredient, frequently featuring it (and demonstrating how to strain plain yogurt through a coffee filter) on his eponymous 1990 cooking show, as frequently as he had featured clarified butter on The Galloping Gourmet in the late 1960s. In 2015, food market research firm Packaged Facts reported that Greek yogurt has a 50 percent share of the yogurt market in the United States.
There are numerous "Greek yogurt" brands in North America. Fage began importing its Greek products in 1998 and opened a domestic production plant in Johnstown, New York, in 2008. Chobani, based in New Berlin, New York, began marketing its Greek-style yogurt in 2007. The Voskos brand entered the US market in 2009 with imported Greek yogurt products at 10%, 2%, and 0% milkfat. Stonyfield Farms, owned by Groupe Danone, introduced Oikos Organic Greek Yogurt in 2007; Danone began marketing a non-organic Dannon Oikos Greek Yogurt in 2011 and also produced a now discontinued blended Greek-style yogurt under the Activia Selects brand; Dannon Light & Fit Greek nonfat yogurt was introduced in 2012, Dannon Wants To Help Operators Get Growing With Greek Yogurt. Dannon via PerishableNews, 6 February 2013 and Activia Greek yogurt was re-introduced in 2013. Dannon Introduces New Activia Greek. Dannon via Yahoo finance, 29 April 2013 General Mills introduced a Greek-style yogurt under the Yoplait brand name in early 2010, which was discontinued and replaced by Yoplait Greek 100 in August 2012. Yoplait Introduces New, 100-Calorie Greek Yogurt. Yoplait via Business Wire, 8 August 2012 Activia Greek yogurt was re-introduced in 2013, and in July 2012 took over US distribution and sales of Canadian Liberté's Greek brands. In Canada, Yoplait was launched in January 2013, and is packaged with toppings.Tim Shufelt. "Canada goes Greek, Yogurt wars get serious". Canadian Business, 23 August 2012
The liquid resulting from straining yogurt is called "acid whey" and is composed of water, yogurt cultures, protein, a slight amount of lactose, and lactic acid. It is costly to dispose of. Farmers have used the whey to mix with animal feed and fertilizer. Using anaerobic digesters, it can be a source of methane that can be used to produce electricity.
North America
In Mexico, the thick yogurt Jocoque was popularized by local producers of Lebanese origin and is widely available.
Production
While yogurt may legally be described as "strained", modern commercial production does not usually reduce the liquid content by passing the yogurt through a filter under gravity, the usual definition of straining. The characteristic thick texture and high protein content are achieved through either or both of two processing steps: The milk may be concentrated by ultrafiltration to remove a portion of the water before addition of yogurt cultures. Alternatively, after culturing, the yogurt may be centrifuged or membrane-filtered to remove whey, in a process analogous to the traditional straining step. Brands described as "strained" yogurt, including Activia Greek, Chobani, Dannon Light & Fit Greek, Dannon Oikos, FAGE, Stonyfield Organic Oikos, Trader Joe's, and Yoplait have undergone the second process. Process details are highly guarded . Other brands of Greek-style yogurt, including Yoplait and some store brands, are made by adding milk protein concentrate and thickeners to standard yogurt to boost the protein content and modify the texture.
Nutrition
Strained yogurt is a good source of protein, calcium, iodine, and vitamin B12. The straining process, which removes liquid whey and lactose, yields higher protein content. The FAO standard requires yogurt to have at least 5.6% protein content if strained, otherwise 2.7%. Strained yogurt has less sugar content than other yogurts.
Vitamins
Yogurt is a rich source of , with calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc higher in content than in milk. One negative aspect of strained yogurt is that there is greater vitamin loss through the straining process than typical yogurt; in particular, the water-soluble vitamins: vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, Folate, and vitamin B12 as well as vitamin A in its Beta-Carotene form can be lost through the straining of liquid whey from yogurt.
Macronutrients
There are no standard regulations in the market to monitor or control the composition of concentrated yogurts. Carbohydrate, fat and protein contents in strained yogurts varied from 1–12, 0–20, and 3.3–11 grams per 100 grams. Concentrated yogurts contain higher final total solid content than regular yogurts, possibly prolonging shelf life compared to regular yogurts.
See also
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