Sunwise

 ( Catholic Church In Ireland ) 

Sunwise, sunward or deasil (sometimes spelled deosil), are terms meaning to go clockwise or in the direction of the sun, as seen from the Northern Hemisphere. The opposite term is widdershins (Middle Low German), or tuathal (Scottish Gaelic). Scottish-English translation of tuathal In Scottish culture, this turning direction is also considered auspicious, while the converse is true for counter-clockwise motion.

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Irish culture During the days of Gaelic Ireland and of the , the Psalter known as An Cathach was used as both a rallying cry and protector in battle by the Chiefs of Clan O'Donnell. Before a battle it was customary for a chosen monk or holy man (usually attached to the Clan McGroarty and who was in a state of grace) to wear the Cathach and the cumdach, or book shrine, around his neck and then walk three times sunwise around the warriors of Clan O'Donnell.Stokes, Roy. A Bibliographical Companion. Scarecrow Press, 2011. , p. 80

According to folklorist Kevin Danaher, on St. John's Eve in Ulster and Connaught, it was customary to light a bonfire at sunset and to walk sunwise around the fire while praying the rosary. Those who could not afford a rosary would keep tally by holding a small pebble during each prayer and throwing it into the bonfire as each prayer was completed.Kevin Danaher (1972), The Year in Ireland: Irish Calendar Customs, Mercier Press, Cork City. Pages 134-153.

Similar praying of the rosary or other similar prayers while walking sunwise around Christian pilgrimage shrines or is also traditional in Irish culture during pattern days. Haggerty, Bridget. "Pattern Day in Old Ireland", Irish Culture and Customs

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Scottish culture This is descriptive of the ceremony observed by the , of walking round their temples by the south, in the course of their directions, always keeping their temples on their right. This course ( diasil or deiseal) was deemed propitious, while the contrary course is perceived as fatal, or at least unpropitious. From this ancient superstition are derived several Gaels customs which were still observed around the turn of the twentieth century, such as drinking over the left thumb, as Toland expresses it, or according to the course of the sun.

Similarly to the pre-battle use of the Cathach of St. Columba in Gaelic Ireland, the Brecbannoch of St Columba, a reliquary containing the partial skeleton of the Saint, was traditionally carried three times sunwise around Scottish armies before they gave battle. The most famous example of this was during the Scottish Wars of Independence, shortly before the Scots under Robert the Bruce faced the English army at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. The Monymusk Reliquary at the National Museum of Scotland

Martin Martin says:

The use of the sunwise circle was also traditional in the Highlands during Christian pilgrimages in honour of St Máel Ruba, particularly to the shrine where he is said to have established a hermitage upon Isle Maree. Houlbrook, Cari. "The wishing-tree of Loch Maree", Welcome Collection, 23 July 2024

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"Deosil" and other spellings Wicca uses the spelling deosil, which violates the Gaelic orthography principle that a consonant must be surrounded by either broad vowels (a, o, u) or slender vowels (e, i). The Oxford English Dictionary gives precedence to the spelling "deasil", which violates the same principle, but acknowledges "deiseal", "deisal", and "deisul" as well.

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Other cultures This distinction exists in traditional Tibetan religion. go round their shrines sunwise, but followers of Bonpo go widdershins. The former consider Bonpo to be merely a perversion of their practice, but Bonpo adherents claim that their religion, as the indigenous one of Tibet, was doing this prior to the arrival of Buddhism in the country.

The Hindu pradakshina, the auspicious circumambulation of a temple, is also made clockwise.

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See also

• Circumambulation

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Sources

• (Deiseal)

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