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Sterna is a genus of in the bird family Laridae. The genus used to encompass most "white" terns indiscriminately, but mtDNA DNA sequence comparisons have determined that this arrangement was paraphyletic. It is now restricted to the typical medium-sized white terns with deeply forked tails, which occur near-globally, mostly in coastal regions but several also using freshwater habitats inland.Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005). A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459–469.
| Inland rivers from Pakistan east through the Indian Subcontinent to Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia. |
| North America. |
| Argentina, south-east Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. |
| Arctic and Subarctic regions of Europe, Asia, and North America (as far south as Brittany and Massachusetts). |
| Southern South America, including the Falkland Islands, ranging north to Peru (Pacific coast) and Brazil (Atlantic coast). |
| Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Falkland Islands, the Heard Island, the McDonald Islands, Australia, and New Zealand. |
| Kerguelen Islands, the Prince Edward Islands (i.e. Prince Edward and Marion) and Crozet Islands. |
| Eastern North America, Europe, North Africa, Asia east to Siberia and Kazakhstan. |
| Coasts on the Red Sea, around the Horn of Africa to Kenya, in the Persian Gulf and along the Iranian coast to Pakistan and western India. |
| Tropical and subtropical areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. |
| Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America, and winters south to the Caribbean and west Africa; and subspecies from east Africa across the Indian Ocean to Japan, and in Australia and New Caledonia. |
| New Zealand and Australia. |
| Pakistan, Nepal, India and Bangladesh, with a separate range in Myanmar. |
The following genera were formerly often included in Sterna:
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